Ch 10

Question 1

Appendicular Skelton

Answer 1

Pectoral and pelvic girdle plus finds and limbs

Question 2

Primitive fish replacement bones

Answer 2

Ventral coracoid, scapula, suprascapular

Question 3

Primitive fish dermal bones

Answer 3

Ventral clavicle, cleithrum, supracleithrum, posttemperal, often 1 or 2 postlceithra

Question 4

Tetrapod limb arise during embryogenesis as

Answer 4

Limb buds or fin folds

Question 5

Intrinsic muscles

Answer 5

Axial skeleton-> girdle

Question 6

Extrinsic muscles

Answer 6

Girdle-> fin/ limb

Question 7

No dermal bones, replacement bones remain cartilaginous

Answer 7

Cartilaginous fishes

Question 8

Later bony fishes

Answer 8

Cleithum became major bone
Loss of clavicle
Coracoid and scapula unite and become scapulocoracoid

Question 9

Brace scapula against sternum
Missing in non-anuran amphibians, some reptiles, some mammals
Form long bone of furculum in birds

Answer 9

Clavicle

Question 10

Early tetrapods

Answer 10

Similar to early bony fishes except for additional membrane bone(interclavicle) and loss of posttemporal and later the supracleithem