Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life-Span Development > Ch. 10,12,13 > Flashcards

Ch. 10,12,13 Flashcards

1
Q

Phonemes

A

The basic units of sound that can change the meaning of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Morphemes

A

The basic units of meaning that exist in a word.

View - one morpheme
Review - two
Preview - two

Not the same as syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Syntax

A

The systematic rules for forming sentences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Semantics

A

Understanding the meaning of language

Beyond literal meaning of the words
“She’s green with jealously”, doesn’t mean she’s actually green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pragmatics of Language

A

Rules for specifying how language is used appropriately in different social contexts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prosody

A

How the sounds of language are produced.

“Melody of speech”

Includes pitch and intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Milestones of language development

A
  • Crying
  • Cooing
  • Babbling
  • Holophrases
  • Telegraphic speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Holophrases

A

Single word “sentences”
Around 1 year of age

Ghetti (Spaghetti)

  • I want spaghetti
  • Is that spaghetti?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Telegraphic Speech

A

Early combinations of two, three, or more words

Examples:

  • No want
  • Where ball
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Overextension

A

Using a word to refer to too wide a range of objects or events

Example:
- All animals are “doggies”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Underextension

A

Using a word too narrowly

Example:
- “Doggie” only refers to basset hounds like the family pet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Overregulation

A

Over applying the rules to cases which the proper form is irregular

Examples:

  • Foots instead of feet
  • Goed instead of went
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Area in the left hemisphere associated with speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Region of the brain associated with language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aphasia

A

A disorder in which a person might hear and understand language but be unable to vocally repeat the information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Theories of Language Acquisition:

Behaviorist

A

Skinner/Bandura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Theories of Language Acquisition:

Innate View

A

Chomsky

Universal language and LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Theories of Language Acquisition:

Interactionist

A

Bruner

Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Social Cognition

A

Thinking about the perceptions, thoughts, emotions, motives, and behaviors of the self, other people, groups, and even whole social systems

20
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Understanding that:

  1. People have mental states such as desires, beliefs, and intentions
  2. These mental states guide, and explain, their behavior
21
Q

Social Perspective Taking

A

The ability to adopt another person’s perspective and understand her thoughts and feelings

22
Q

Moral Development includes?

A
  • Moral reasoning
  • Moral emotions
  • Moral behavior
23
Q

Piaget’s Theory on Moral Development

A

Preschool children - “Premoral”, don’t understand the rules

Children 6-10 - Consequences more than intentions. Rules handed down and were unalterable.

Children 10-11 - Good or bad intentions judged by a persons action. Rules are agreements between people

24
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory on Moral Development

A

3 level with 6 stages

Level 1: Preconventional Morality
Stage 1: Punishment-and-Obedience Orientation
Stage 2: Instrumental Hedonism

Level 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3: “Good Boy/Girl” Morality
Stage 4: Authority and Social Order-Maintaining Morality

Level 3: Postconventional Morality
Stage 5: Morality of Contract, Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Law
Stage 6: Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience

25
Q

Gender Identity

A

The awareness that a person is either a boy or a girl.

Around age 2 1/2 - 3 years old

26
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

A person’s preference for sexual partners of the same, other, or both sexes

27
Q

Physical Gender

A

Physical characteristics that define male and female

Chromosomes - XY, XX
Hormones

28
Q

Gender Role

A

The patterns of behavior that females and males should adopt in a particular society

29
Q

Gender Constancy

A

The understanding that our genders remain the same throughout our lives, despite superficial changes in appearance.

30
Q

Gender Role Awareness

A

Knowledge of what behaviors are expected of males and females in their society

31
Q

Gender Stereotypes

A

Society’s expectations or standards concerning what male and females should be like

32
Q

Sex-Typed Behavior

A

Socially prescribed ways of behaving that differ for boys and girls

33
Q

Gender Segregation

A

Preference for peers of their own sex

Developed during the elementary school years

34
Q

Gender Intensification

A

Gender differences may be magnified by hormonal changes associated with puberty and increased pressure to conform to gender roles.

35
Q

Influences on Sex Development

A
  • Chromosomal sex
  • Gonadal sex
  • Hormone sex
  • Internal accessory reproductive structures (Mullerian and Molffian systems)
36
Q

Transgender

A

Individuals who identify with a gender other than their biological one

37
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory of Gender:

Freud

A

5 Stages of Development

  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Genital
38
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory of Gender:

Phallic stage

A

Stage where Freud believed that children developed feelings toward the opposite-sex parent
Oedipal or Electra Complex

39
Q

Communality vs. Agency

A

Communality - An orientation that emphasizes connectedness to others and includes emotionality and sensitivity to others

Agency - An orientation towards individual action and achievement. Emphasizes dominance, independence, assertiveness, and competitiveness

40
Q

Kohlberg’s Cognitive Theory of Gender Development

A
  • Basic gender identity: (2-3 yrs) Can label self as boy or girl
  • Gender stability: (4-5) realize that these traits are enduring
  • Gender constancy: (5-7) understanding that sex remains the same, even though clothing, hair, etc might change
41
Q

Gender Schema Theory

A

Organized sets of beliefs and expectations about males and females that influence the kinds of information they will attend to and remember

42
Q

Gender Roles:

Masculine

A

Someone with low feminine traits and High masculine traits

43
Q

Gender Roles:

Feminine

A

Someone with high feminine traits and low masculine traits

44
Q

Gender Roles:

Androgynous

A

Someone with high feminine and masculine traits

45
Q

Gender Roles:

Undifferentiated

A

Someone with low feminine and masculine traits

46
Q

Bem Sex Role Inventory

A

Characterizes your personality as:

- Masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated

Life-Span Development (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions