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ENVS > CH. 1 Vocab > Flashcards

CH. 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A

all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors and processes that determine the growth and survival of an organism or a community of organisms.

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2
Q

Environmental science

A

The study of all aspects of the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological factors.

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3
Q

Ecology

A

The branch of environmental science that focuses on the abundance and distribution of organisms in relation to their environment

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4
Q

Human well-being

A

A multifaceted concept that includes life’s basic necessities, such as food and shelter, as well as good health, social stability, and personal freedom

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5
Q

Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present in an equitable and fair fashion without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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6
Q

Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

A

An accounting framework in which sustainability is assessed by environmental, social, and economic outcomes

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

All of the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area

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8
Q

Biota

A

Elements in the ecosystem that are living organisms

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9
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving elements in an ecosystem

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10
Q

Ecosystem functions

A

The flow of matter and energy and the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms

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11
Q

Ecosystem integrity

A

The web of interactions that regulate ecosystem functions and ecosystem services.

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12
Q

Ecosystem services

A

The multitude of resources and processes that ecosystems supply to humans.

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13
Q

Provisioning services

A

Ecosystem services that supply humans with resources, such as food, water, and air.

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14
Q

Regulating services

A

The ways that ecosystems control important conditions and processes, such as climate, the flow of water, and the absorption of pollutants

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15
Q

Cultural services

A

The spiritual and recreational benefits that ecosystems provide.

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16
Q

Supporting services

A

The basic ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycles and soil formation, that are needed to maintain other services

17
Q

Dynamic homeostasis

A

The process by which systems adjust to changes in ways that minimize how much features or processes vary from their normal values

18
Q

Negative feedback

A

Directional change in a process that alters the ecosystem in a way that counteracts or reduces the initial change, helping to maintain stability.

19
Q

Positive feedback

A

Directional change in a process that alters the ecosystem to reinforce the change.

20
Q

Nonrenewable

A

The amount a resource in an ecosystem declines with virtually any level of use

21
Q

Science

A

A process that poses and answers questions objectively in order to increase knowledge and lessen uncertainty by using careful observation, experimentation, and synthesis to produce results that can be duplicated by others.

22
Q

Hypotheses

A

A proposition that can be tested by careful observation or experimentation

23
Q

Treatment group

A

Refers to those subjects in an experiment that are subjected to a treatment

23
Q

Predictions

A

In science, if, then statements that forecast the outcome of a test of a hypothesis

24
Q

Control group

A

Refers to those subjects in an experiment that are not subjected to a treatment.

25
Q

Precision

A

Refers to the likelihood that estimates derived by sampling a subset of a population are representative of the actual values for the entire population

26
Q

Bias

A

Refers to estimates of a parameter that are skewed in some particular direction

27
Q

Observation

A

Act of viewing or noting a fact or occurrence for a scientific purpose; the information or record obtained by such an act

28
Q

Variables

A

The properties being measured in scientific observations and experiments.

29
Q

Correlations

A

Quantitative relationships between different variables

30
Q

Experimentation

A

Scientific investigation using experiments with treatments and controls

31
Q

Experiment

A

Scientific investigation in which groups of subjects are subjected to a specific treatment and compared to a control group of untreated subjects

32
Q

Synthesis

A

The development of concepts and theories based on connections among numerous facts and sources

33
Q

Theory

A

Principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena

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