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MicroBiology 130 > CH 1 - The Microbial World and You > Flashcards

CH 1 - The Microbial World and You Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microorganism

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2
Q

Define.

Microbiome

A

All the microorganisms in an environment. Also known as microbiota.

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3
Q

A disease causing organism.

A

Pathogen or Pathogenic

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4
Q

The microorganism that colonize a host without causing disease.

A

Normal Microbiota

normal flora

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5
Q

The microorganisms that are present in an animal for a short time without causing a disease.

A

Transient Microbiota

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6
Q

What is the Human Microbiome Project?

A

A project to characterize the microbial communities found on the human body.

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7
Q

Domain of prokaryotic single-celled organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls.

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

A single-celled organism whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope. (They include both Bacteria and Archaea)

A

Prokaryote

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9
Q

List common shapes of bacterial cells.

A
  • Bacillus (rodlike)
  • Coccus (spherical or ovoid)
  • Spiral (corkscrew or curved.)
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10
Q

Domain of prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan.

A

Archaea

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11
Q

A eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph. they are unicellular or multicellular and can reproduce sexually or asexually.

A

Fungi

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12
Q

A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane enclosed nucleus.

A

Eukaryote

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13
Q

Archaea are divided into what 3 groups?

A
  1. Methanogens
  2. Extreme Halophiles
  3. Extreme Thermophiles
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14
Q

A unicellular eukaryotic organism; usually chemoheterotrophic. They move by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia. Are either free entities or parasites.

A

Protozoa

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15
Q

Photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shapes and both sexual and reproductive forms.

A

Algae

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16
Q

Acellular, submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

A

Virus

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17
Q

Organisms that derive nutrients from living hosts.

A

Parasites

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18
Q

Parasitic worms characterized as parasitic organisms such as roundworm or flatworm.

A

Helminths

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19
Q

What are the three Baskets of living microorganisms?

A

1) Prokaryotes
2) Eukaryotes
3) Viruses and Pirons

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20
Q

The theory that all living things are composed of cells.

A

Cell Theory

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21
Q

The hypothetical idea that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

A

Spontaneous Generation

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22
Q

The theory that living cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

A

Biogenesis

23
Q

In 1861, this French scientist proved the theory of biogenesis and demonstrated that microorganisms can also be present in nonliving matter - on solids, in liquid, and in gas.

A

Louis Pasteur

24
Q

Laboratory techniques used to prevent contamination by unwanted microorganism.

A

Aseptic Techniques

25
Q

A process when microorganisms known as yeast convert sugars to ethanol in the absence of air.

A

Fermentation

26
Q

The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens.

A

Pasteurization

27
Q

Germ Theory of Disease

A

The principal that microorganisms cause disease.

28
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A

A criteria, or sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease. (causative agent of infectious disease)

29
Q

The protection from a disease provided by vaccination or by recovery. (Adaptive and Innate)

A

Immunity

30
Q

The treatment of disease using chemical substances.

A

Chemotherapy

31
Q

An antimicrobial agent, usually produced by a bacterium or fungus.

A

Antibiotic

32
Q

A chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a laboratory.

A

Synthetic Drugs

33
Q

Who discovered Penicillin?

A

Alexander Flemming

34
Q

The scientific study of Prokaryotes.

A

Bacteriology

35
Q

The scientific study of Fungi.

A

Mycology

36
Q

The scientific study of protozoa and worms.

A

Parasitology

37
Q

The scientific study of a host’s defense to a pathogen.

A

Immunology

38
Q

The scientific study of Viruses.

A

Virology

39
Q

The study of the mechanisms by which microorganisms inherit traits.

A

Microbial Genetics

40
Q

The science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms.

A

Molecular Biology

41
Q

The study of genes and their function.

A

Genomics

42
Q

Manufacturing and manipulating genetic material in vitro.

A

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology

a.k.a. Genetic Engineering

43
Q

The study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment.

A

Microbial Ecology

44
Q

The use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant.

A

Bioremediation

45
Q

The industrial application of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a useful product.

A

Biotechnology

46
Q

Treating a disease by replacing abnormal genes.

A

Gene Therapy

47
Q

The ability to ward off diseases through innate and adaptive immunity.

A

Resistance

48
Q

A complex microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface.

A

Biofilm

49
Q

A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and carry out at least part of their life cycle in the host.

A

Infectious Disease

50
Q

A new or changing disease that is increasing or has the potential to increase in the near future.

A

Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)

51
Q

A disease that affects large numbers of individuals in a short period of time and occurs worldwide.

A

Pandemic Disease

52
Q

A virus spread by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. Symptoms include fever, rash, and joint pain.

A

Zika Virus Disease

53
Q

A viral disease spread by close contact with infectious blood, body fluids, or tissue. Symptoms include fever, hemorrhaging, and blood clots.

A

Ebola Virus Disease

MicroBiology 130 (2 decks)

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