Ch. 1 - The foundation of neuropsychology

Question 1

Neuropsychology

Answer 1

Focus on highlight psychological processes in relation to the brain mechanisms that subservience these processes.

Question 2

Two sub-diciplines of neuropsychology

Answer 2

Cognitive neuropsychology: look at certain brain mechanisms based on behavior.

Clinical neuropsychology: more applied part, assessment of behavior in patient that have suffered from brain damage.

Question 3

Hippocrates

Answer 3

Psychological disorders should be treated as any other disease–> locus in the brain, instead of the heart

Question 4

Galen

Answer 4

Dysfunction of the brain could affect behavior –> humoral theory of disorder, and the brain function correlates with the four humors (blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm)

Question 5

Descartes

Answer 5

Pin pointing certain part in the nervous system.

focused on consciousness

Theory: pineal gland was the locus of consciousness, where all the external input came together.

mind-body dualism

Question 6

Gall

Answer 6

Phrenology (localization of processes)

Claimed that the skull bumped out a bit where the larger brain regions were, so the more it mattered, the larger the area was.

the first to distinguish between grey and white matter.

Question 7

Flourens

Answer 7

surgical procedures in birds; the degree of lesions as predictive to the degree of impairment.

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

front

Question 9

Dorsal

Answer 9

toward the surface of the back

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Back

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Surface of the head (on top)

Question 12

Ventral

Answer 12

Surface from stomach

Question 13

Inferior

Answer 13

Lower part from face

Question 14

unilateral

Answer 14

One side of the body

Question 15

Bilateral

Answer 15

Both sides of the body

Question 16

Ipsilateral

Answer 16

From the same side

Question 17

Contralateral

Answer 17

Opposite side of the body

Question 18

Alexia

Answer 18

Loss of the ability to read from text

Question 19

Agnosia

Answer 19

Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes or smell in spite of interacts sensory function

Question 20

Apraxia

Answer 20

The inability to carry out certain motor acts on instruction without evident loss of muscle tone

Question 21

Fodor

Answer 21

Modularities. Domain specific in that they only process very particular types of input information: color, shape, movement, faces and so on.

Question 22

Lesion

Answer 22

Cutting

Question 23

Ablation

Answer 23

Removal

Question 24

To measure the brain structure?

Answer 24

MRI, CT

Any damage to the brain

Question 25

To measure the brain functioning?

Answer 25

fMRI, PET, MEG, EEG

Question 26

Test battery

Answer 26

a series of tests

Question 27

Astereognosis

Answer 27

An agnosic condition in which objects cannot be recognized by touch alone