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A & P > CH 1: Test > Flashcards

CH 1: Test Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure of the body parts (also called morphology)

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The __________ determines the ___________

A

The structure determines the function

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4
Q

Characteristics of living things

A

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

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5
Q

Self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts

A

Movement

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6
Q

Ability to sense changes and react to them

A

Responsiveness

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7
Q

Increase in body size

A

Growth

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8
Q

Parents produce offspring/ passing DNA to new individuals

A

Reproduction

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9
Q

Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes

A

Respiration

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10
Q

Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes

A

Digestion

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11
Q

Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids

A

Absorption

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12
Q

Movement of substances throughout

the body

A

Circulation

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13
Q

Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances

A

Assimilation

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14
Q

Removal of wastes

A

Excretion

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15
Q

What is all the chemical changes that occur in the body to maintain life?

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

What are bodily needs?

A

Food, oxygen, water, heat

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17
Q

Why water is a requirement for life?

A

It is the most abundant in the body, transports substances, regulates body temperature (You can only go without it for three days)

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18
Q

Why food is a requirement for life?

A

Provides nutrients, used for energy (You can only go 4-6 weeks without food)

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19
Q

Why oxygen is a requirement for life?

A

Releases energy from food substances (you can go 3-5 minutes without oxygen)

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20
Q

What is heat and what does it do?

A

Heat is defined as temperature is a measure of a degree of heat, it determines the rate of reaction

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21
Q

What is application or force on something?

A

Pressure

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22
Q

What is tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”

A

Homeostasis

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23
Q

What is required to keep the body in working order? Where does it come from?

A

Energy; food, sleep, and oxygen

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24
Q

How does a negative feedback loop maintain homeostasis? (three homeostatic mechanisms in the body)

A

Receptors, set point, and effectors

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25
Q

What can detect certain environmental parameters within the body such as temperature, information is relayed to the brain?

A

Receptors

26
Q

What is the normal range that an environmental parameter is to be controlled?

A

Set point

27
Q

What is muscle or glands that respond to deviation from the set point? Glands might initiate sweating to cool the body back to its set point.

A

Effectors

28
Q

How does a positive feedback loop maintain homeostasis?

A

By amplifying or increasing the occurrence of events

29
Q

What are the levels of organization in the body?

A

Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

30
Q

The axial portion of the body includes what three things?

A

Head, neck, trunk

31
Q

The appendicular portion of the body includes what two things?

A

Arms and legs

32
Q

Viscera refers to

A

Internal organs

33
Q

List the body cavities

A

Dorsal, ventral, thoracic, abdomen, pelvic, diaphragm, cranial, vertebrae

34
Q

Back side

A

Dorsal

35
Q

Front side

A

Ventral

36
Q

Chest (heart, trachea, lungs)

A

Thoracic

37
Q

Stomach area (spleen, intestines)

A

Abdomen

38
Q

Lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)

A

Pelvic

39
Q

Separates the thoracic and pelvic region

A

Diaphragm

40
Q

Brain

A

Cranial

41
Q

Vertebrae and spinal chord

A

Vertebral

42
Q

Above or closer to the head

A

Superior

43
Q

Below or toward the feet

A

Inferior

44
Q

Toward the front

A

Anterior (or ventral)

45
Q

Opposite of anterior; toward the back

A

Posterior (or dorsal)

46
Q

Imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves

A

Medial

47
Q

Toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline

A

Lateral

48
Q

Closer to the point of attachment

A

Proximal

49
Q

Opposite of proximal, father from point of attachment

A

Distal

50
Q

Near the surface

A

Superficial

51
Q

More internal

A

Deep

52
Q

Separates the thoracic cavity into right and left halves

A

Mediastinum

53
Q

Covers the hearts surface

A

Visceral pericardium

54
Q

Outer layer of the pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

55
Q

Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal pleura

56
Q

The inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung

A

Visceral pleura

57
Q

Lines the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

58
Q

Covers abdominal organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

59
Q

Lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions

A

Saggital

60
Q

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

A

Transverse

61
Q

Divides body into anterior and posterior

A

Coronal

A & P (5 decks)

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