CH 1: Test Flashcards
The study of the structure of the body parts (also called morphology)
Anatomy
The function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it
Physiology
The __________ determines the ___________
The structure determines the function
Characteristics of living things
Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
Self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts
Movement
Ability to sense changes and react to them
Responsiveness
Increase in body size
Growth
Parents produce offspring/ passing DNA to new individuals
Reproduction
Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes
Respiration
Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes
Digestion
Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids
Absorption
Movement of substances throughout
the body
Circulation
Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances
Assimilation
Removal of wastes
Excretion
What is all the chemical changes that occur in the body to maintain life?
Metabolism
What are bodily needs?
Food, oxygen, water, heat
Why water is a requirement for life?
It is the most abundant in the body, transports substances, regulates body temperature (You can only go without it for three days)
Why food is a requirement for life?
Provides nutrients, used for energy (You can only go 4-6 weeks without food)
Why oxygen is a requirement for life?
Releases energy from food substances (you can go 3-5 minutes without oxygen)
What is heat and what does it do?
Heat is defined as temperature is a measure of a degree of heat, it determines the rate of reaction
What is application or force on something?
Pressure
What is tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”
Homeostasis
What is required to keep the body in working order? Where does it come from?
Energy; food, sleep, and oxygen
How does a negative feedback loop maintain homeostasis? (three homeostatic mechanisms in the body)
Receptors, set point, and effectors
What can detect certain environmental parameters within the body such as temperature, information is relayed to the brain?
Receptors
What is the normal range that an environmental parameter is to be controlled?
Set point
What is muscle or glands that respond to deviation from the set point? Glands might initiate sweating to cool the body back to its set point.
Effectors
How does a positive feedback loop maintain homeostasis?
By amplifying or increasing the occurrence of events
What are the levels of organization in the body?
Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The axial portion of the body includes what three things?
Head, neck, trunk
The appendicular portion of the body includes what two things?
Arms and legs
Viscera refers to
Internal organs
List the body cavities
Dorsal, ventral, thoracic, abdomen, pelvic, diaphragm, cranial, vertebrae
Back side
Dorsal
Front side
Ventral
Chest (heart, trachea, lungs)
Thoracic
Stomach area (spleen, intestines)
Abdomen
Lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
Pelvic
Separates the thoracic and pelvic region
Diaphragm
Brain
Cranial
Vertebrae and spinal chord
Vertebral
Above or closer to the head
Superior
Below or toward the feet
Inferior
Toward the front
Anterior (or ventral)
Opposite of anterior; toward the back
Posterior (or dorsal)
Imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves
Medial
Toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline
Lateral
Closer to the point of attachment
Proximal
Opposite of proximal, father from point of attachment
Distal
Near the surface
Superficial
More internal
Deep
Separates the thoracic cavity into right and left halves
Mediastinum
Covers the hearts surface
Visceral pericardium
Outer layer of the pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
The inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
Visceral pleura
Lines the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Covers abdominal organs
Visceral peritoneum
Lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions
Saggital
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse
Divides body into anterior and posterior
Coronal
