Ch. 1 Terms

Question 1

anarchism

Answer 1

Threats the gov’t poses to community.

Question 2

authoritarian

Answer 2

Of systems, states, and regimes. A gov’t of few that rule many or military gov’t that makes all the decisions for the community.

Question 3

autocratic

Answer 3

A nondemocratic regime.

Question 4

democracy

Answer 4

A political system in which citizens enjoy a number of basic civil and political rights, and which their most important leaders are elected in free and fair elections. Those leaders are accountable under the rule of law. “Government by the people”.

Question 5

democratization

Answer 5

The enhancement of human rights and the expansion of freedom.

Question 6

equality of income

Answer 6

Income distribution.

Question 7

ethnicity

Answer 7

As defined by Max Weber “those human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of customs or both, or because of memories of colonization and migration…”.

Question 8

European Union (EU)

Answer 8

Accepted European states (countries) into the Union.

Question 9

externalities

Answer 9

Occurs when an activity incur costs that are not borne by the producer or the user.

Question 10

globalization

Answer 10

The citizens in all/most countries increasingly have to share in cultures that have developed elsewhere.

Question 11

governments

Answer 11

Organizations of individuals who have the power to make binding decisions on behalf of a particular community.

Question 12

gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 12

A measure of national economic development.

Question 13

human rights

Answer 13

Basic human needs that should at least be protected.

Question 14

libertarianism

Answer 14

Believes in individual freedoms and that gov’t will encroach on them.

Question 15

military, party, and party dictatorships and totalitarian nations

Answer 15

Systems in which gov’t constricts the rights and privacy of its citizens in a severe and intrusive manner.

Question 16

nation

Answer 16

A group of people who live in a common territory and have a common identity.

Question 17

nation-states

Answer 17

National identification and sovereignty both coincide.

Question 18

oligarchy

Answer 18

“ruled by few”

Question 19

political culture

Answer 19

Defines a public’s expectations toward the political process. The more it is shared by the gov’t and its people the more peaceful the society.

Question 20

political systems

Answer 20

A particular type of social system that is involved in making the authoritative public decisions.

Question 21

public goods

Answer 21

Goods that if one person in a community enjoys, it cannot be denied to the whole community. Also, that the consumption of the good does not detract from another. Ex. clean air.

Question 22

religious fundamentalism

Answer 22

A religion’s reaction to modernization.

Question 23

rent-seeking

Answer 23

benefits created through gov’t intervention in the economy.

Question 24

sovereignty

Answer 24

A state that has independent legal authority over a population in a particular territory, based on the recognized right to self-determination.

Question 25

state

Answer 25

A particular type of country whose citizens have rights and obligations related to that state.

Question 26

state of nature

Answer 26

The state of humankind if no gov’t existed.

Question 27

United Nations (UN)

Answer 27

Formed at the end of WW 2 in 1945.

Question 28

vested interests

Answer 28

Gov’t created private gains.