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ANAT 316 > Ch. 1 - Skull > Flashcards

Ch. 1 - Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components to the skull?

A

facial skeleton (viscerocranium) and cranial vault (neurocranium)

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2
Q

How many bones are there in the facial and cranial component of the skull?

A

14 facial bones, 8 cranial bones

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3
Q

The frontal view of the skull includes every skull bone except…

A

occipital and palatine bones

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4
Q

Which bone is the only bone not directly attached to the skull?

A

mandible

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5
Q

Which facial bone is diamond shaped?

A

zygomatic bone

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6
Q

What is the name of the process located on the maxilla and mandible?

A

alveolar process (contains the teeth)

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7
Q

What do the foramina located on the skull allow?

A

passage of nerves

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8
Q

Which bone is responsible for ethnic facial features

A

zygomatic bone

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9
Q

What makes up the zygomatic arch?

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone + the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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10
Q

What are the names of the two sections of the temporal bone?

A

squamous (flat) and petrous (rocky)

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11
Q

What makes up the temporal fossa?

A

squamous temporal bone with the greater wing of the sphenoid + lower portion of the parietal bone

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12
Q

Where do the frontal bone and the parietal bone meet?

A

coronal suture

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13
Q

Where do the parietal bone and the occipital bone meet?

A

lamboid suture

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14
Q

What is the name of the area where the parietal, frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones join?

A

pterion

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15
Q

Where do the paired parietal bones unite?

A

sagital suture

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16
Q

What feature of the occipital bone is responsible for muscle attachment?

A

superior nuchal line

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17
Q

Where do the occipital condyles and the atlas articulate?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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18
Q

Where does the spinal cord pass through?

A

foramen magnum

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19
Q

What separates the nasal choanae?

A

vomer bone

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20
Q

What is the hard palate composed of?

A

palatine bones posteriorly + palatine processes of the maxilla anteriorly

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21
Q

The pterygoid plates and the inferior orbital fissure are lateral to which feature?

A

choanae

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22
Q

What is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa made up of?

A

horizontal plate of the frontal bone and the cribriform plate and crista galli

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23
Q

What makes up the roof of the orbit?

A

horizontal plate of the frontal bone

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24
Q

Which cranial fossa is butterfly shaped?

A

middle cranial fossa

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25
Q

What is the central region of the sphenoid bone?

A

sella turcica (roof of sphenoid body)

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26
Q

Where are the optic canals located?

A

between the anterior clinoid processes

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27
Q

Which feature is anterior to the foramen magnum and runs up towards the sella turcica

A

clivus

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28
Q

What do the grooves on the wall of the fossa indicate?

A

the course of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses

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29
Q

What does the frontal bone contain?

A

frontal sinuses and the supraorbital notch

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30
Q

Which bones form the walls and roof of the cranium?

A

parietal bones

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31
Q

What are the main features of the occipital bone?

A

foramen magnum, hypoglossal canals, occipital condyles

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32
Q

The auditory tube, middle ear and inner ear are part of which bone?

A

temporal bone

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33
Q

The upper half of the temporal bone is __________ while the lower half is __________.

A

squamous, petrous

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34
Q

Which bone has a vertical and horizontal plate and two lateral masses?

A

ethmoid bone

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35
Q

These paired shell-shaped bones arise from the maxillae.

A

inferior concha

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36
Q

How many bones are present in the superior alveolar process?

A

16

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37
Q

The horizontal palatine process is the anterior _____ of the hard palate.

A

4/5

38
Q

What are the two foramina of the maxilla

A

infraorbital and incisive foramina

39
Q

Which bone is L shaped?

A

mandible or palatine

40
Q

The vertical arm of the mandible is called the ______ and the horizontal arm is called the ______.

A

ramus, body

41
Q

Where do the two halves of the mandible meet?

A

mental protuberance (point of the jaw)

42
Q

What do the condyloid processes articulate with?

A

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

43
Q

Where does the nerve to the lower teeth pass through?

A

mandibular foramen

44
Q

The horizontal plate of the palatine bone is the _____ of the hard palate.

A

1/5

45
Q

The vertical plate of the palatine bone forms the posterior ___ of the lateral nasal wall

A

1/3

46
Q

Where are the tear ducts located?

A

lacrimal bone

47
Q

What shape is the vomer bone?

A

triangle

48
Q

Which bone hangs below the floor of the mouth?

A

hyoid bone

49
Q

What is suspended from the hyoid bone?

A

larynx

50
Q

How many bones in the facial skeleton?

A

14

51
Q

How many bones in the cranial vault?

A

8

52
Q

Frontal bone

A
  • vertical plate = forehead - horizontal plate = roof of orbit - contains frontal sinuses and supraorbital notch
53
Q

Maxilla

A
  • has zygomatic and frontal processes - makes up part of medial and inferior border of orbit - contains 2 foramina: 1. infraorbital 2. incisive
54
Q

How many teeth each in the Maxilla and Mandible bones?

A

16

55
Q

What feature makes the mandible unique?

A

What feature makes the mandible unique? - It is not directly attached to the skull - L shaped - vertical portion is the ramus - horizontal portion is the body

56
Q

condyloid process

A
  • articular process of mandible with mandibular fossa of temporal bone - forms temporomandibular joint
57
Q

coronoid process

A
  • gives attachment to a large muscle
58
Q

mandibular foramen

A
  • nerve to lower teeth passes through here
59
Q

Zygomatic bone

A
  • cheek bones - has frontal, maxillary and temporal processes
60
Q

Hyoid bone

A
  • hangs below the floor of the mouth supported by various muscles - larynx is suspended from it - has body and greater and lesser cornu (horns)
61
Q

Alveolar process

A

(both maxilla and mandible have them)

62
Q

Mental foramen

A

allow passage of nerves

63
Q

Which bones make up the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone, zygomatic process of temporal bone

64
Q

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

A
  • contributes to the superior orbital fissure - contains foramina rotundum, ovale, spinosum
65
Q

Sphenoid bone

A
  • unpaired - shaped like big eared owl - body contains sphenoid sinuses (bone is hollow) - sella turcica on upper surface - greater wings attached to body
66
Q

pterygoid process

A

consists of the medial and lateral pterygoid plates with pterygoid fossa between them

67
Q

Temporal bone

A
  • has upper flat squamous and petrous (not flat) sections - located by the “temple” - contains auditory tube, middle ear, and inner ear - petrous portion contains: internal and external acoustic meatuses, zygomatic, mastoid and styloid processes, part of jugular foramen, foramen lacerum and carotid canal
68
Q

Which bones make up the temporal fossa?

A

Squamous temporal bone, greater wing of sphenoid bone, lower portion of parietal bone

69
Q

Parietal bone (s)

A
  • united by the sagittal suture - form walls and roof of cranium - articulate with frontal bone at coronal suture - articulate with sphenoid bone - articulate with occipital bone at lambdoid suture - articulate with temporal bone at squamous suture
70
Q

Which bones is the coronal suture between?

A

Which bones is the coronal suture between? Frontal and parietal bones

71
Q

Which bones is the lambdoid suture between?

A

between parietal bone and occipital bone

72
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

The area where the parietal, fontal, sphenoid and temporal bones join

73
Q

Occipital bone

A
  • unpaired - forms posterior portion of the base of the skull - features: foramen magnum, hypoglossal canals, occipital condyles
74
Q

occipital condyles articulate with the

A

atlas

75
Q

spinal cord passes through:

A

Foramen magnum

76
Q

Vomer bone

A

Vomer bone

77
Q

palatine bones

A
  • L shaped - horizontal plate is the posterior 1/5 of the hard palate - vertical plate forms
78
Q

Palatine processes

A
  • anterior 4/5 of the hard palate
79
Q

lacrimal bone

A
  • small bone located on medial wall of orbit - partially forms opening of nasolacrimal canal - contribute to lateral nasal wall
80
Q

Hypoglossal canal (inferior view)

A
  • in the wall of the foramen magnum
81
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A
  • floor made up of horizontal plate of frontal bone and cribriform plate and crista galli (both of ethmoid bone) - horizontal plate is also the roof of the orbit posterior border of the fossa formed by the lesser wing and jugum of the sphenoid with the anterior clinoid processes projecting posteriorly from medial end of the wings
82
Q

ethmoid bone

A
  • makes up most of nasal skeleton and medial wall of the orbit - vertical and horizontal plate - two lateral masses - includes cribriform plate and crista galli
83
Q

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

A
  • cenrally-located jugum - optic canals medial to clinoid processes - forms upper margin of superior orbital fissure
84
Q

vertical plate of ethmoid bone

A

forms half of bony nasal septum

85
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A
  • paired, shell shaped - arises from MAXILLA not ethmoid bone - it is SEPARATE from the other 2 conchae - forms part of the lateral wall of nose
86
Q

middle cranial fossa

A
  • butterfly shaped - sphenoid body is the insect and greater wing and temporal bone are the wings - sella turcica in the centre with paired anterior and posterior clinoid processes bordering it - includes: optic canals, superior orbital fissures, foramina rotundum, ovale, spinosum, and lacerum
87
Q

sella turcica

A
  • roof of the sphenoid body
88
Q

optic canals

A
  • between anterior clinoid processes - connects brain case to orbit
89
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A
  • between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid
90
Q

foramina lacerum

A
  • carotid canal opens into the middle fossa just lateral to the foramen lacerum

ANAT 316 (4 decks)

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