Ch. 1 Review Flashcards
Classification
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Binomial nomenclature
2 names; genus and species; Latin or Greek; italicized or underlined
Taxa
Groups.
Humans classifications
Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Sapient
Prokaryotic cells
Most primitive, simplest and smallest cells; little internal structures; no membrane bound organelles
Ex. Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
More organized and complex; membrane bound organelles
Types of eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant
Difference of plant cell to animal
Chloroplasts, cell wall, large vacuole
Autotrophs
Capable of photosynthesis; obtain energy from sunlight (algae and bacteria)
Heterotrophs
Cannot produce own food and must obtain energy by eating others
Cellular respiration
Reverse of photosynthesis; done by ALL organisms; glucose broken down using oxygen, CO2and H2O an energy given off
Seven characteristics of living things?
- 1+ cells
- Take in mat.s and energy and transform it
- Maintain pretty close internal environment
- Reproduce through info in DNA
- Respond to environ.
- Evolve/change over time/ adapt
- Highly organization compared to inanimate objects.
Charles Darwin book
On The Origins of Species (1858)
Linnaeus
Father of modern taxonomy; hierarchy of life
Linnaeus book
Systema Naturae 1758
Linnaeus belief
Species were unchanging.
Binomial nomenclature
Genus=capt. First letter
Captain James Cook
English explorer trips included much if South Pacific; use time keeping device
Juan Cabrillo
1542 Spanish explorer of all coasts esp. California. PCH and aquarium named after him.
Jacques Cousteau
French diver and scientist; co-inventor of scuba; oceanic society named after him
Oceanic crust
Depth
Age
5km
200mill ago
Continental crust
Depth
Age
20-50km
3.5bill ago
Oxygen minimum zone
~1000m deep
Lyell
Scottish geologist; Principles of Geology; influenced young Darwin
Neap tides
When moon and sun gravitational pulls are perpendicular
Tropic interactions?
Deals with feeding strategies.
Pelagic
Found in water column
Benthic
On, in it near sea floor
2types pelagic species
Nekton and plankton
Nekton
Swimmers
Plankton
Drifters
2 types of plankton
Phytoplankton and zooplankton
Zooplankton
Heterotrophic consumers
Phytoplankton
Photosynthetic
2 types of benthic organisms
Epifaunal and I faunal
Infaunal
Move through sediment beneath sea bottom surface
Epifaunal
Move on sea bottom
5 fundamentally different types of living creatures or kingdoms
Monera Protista Fungi Plantar Animalia
Heterotrophic
Must ingest organically
Autotrophic
Can create own organic compounds
How many species on earth?
~10-30million
Phylogenetic
Relating to the evolutionary history of a taxon or group of taxa
Phylogenetic taxonomy
Science of classifying organisms according to their branching pattern along a cladogram, morphological similarity, or evolutionary relatedness
% of earths surface that is ocean
71%
Penguins
Polar bears
Which poles
South
North
Mariana Trench depth in ft
36,163 ft
Lithosphere
Outer layer of mantle+crust
% of earths surface that is ocean
71%
Penguins
Polar bears
Which poles
South
North
Mariana Trench depth in ft
36,163 ft
Lithosphere
Outer layer of mantle+crust
Where is the Humbolt current?
East Pacific
Two most present salts of the ocean
Sodium and chloride
Phototrophic
Autotrophic
Chemo trophic
Heterotrophic
What are hydrothermal vents?
Underwater vents that spew black “smoke” (sulfide mineral particles) water is heated by magma and absorbs metals from crust…
Describe the matter of the following Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer core
Rigid Rigid Plastic Rigid Liquid
What parts make up the mantle?
Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere
What is the area between the cont. slope and the abyssal plain referred to as?
Continental rise
What is underneath the continental rise?
Sediment.
What tidal pattern do we have in SoCal?
Mixed semidiurnal
How does nutrient and oxygen level compare abov and below the Pycnocline?
Above: lower nutrients and higher oxygen
Area of cont slope also called…
Bathyal
Area after abyssal plain slopes even further down..
Hadal