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Marine Bio 1 > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Where do volcanoes get their lava?

A

The upper mantle.

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1
Q

How old is our solar system/Earth?

A

5 billion years old

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2
Q

What created earths primitive atmosphere?

A

Liquid materials and gases spewed from volcanic vents.

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3
Q

Living things require and are mostly made up of?

A

WATER!

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4
Q

When did the atmosphere reach it’s current concentration?

A

200 million years ago in the Mesozoic Era.

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5
Q

Who hypothesized about continental drifting in the early 20th century? Also came up with idea of Pangaea.

A

Wegener.

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6
Q

What was the Glomar Challenger?

A

A ship in 1968. Found sediment core samples that confirm sea floor spreading an continental drift.

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7
Q

When was the last ice age? And what is it referred to as?

A

18,000 years ago. The last glacial maximum.

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8
Q

How much of the planet’s surface is covered with water?

A

70%

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9
Q

Ave depth of world ocean?

A

3800m (a thin film)

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10
Q

How much of earth’s land area is in the northern hemisphere?

A

2/3

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11
Q

How much of the southern hemisphere’s surface is water?

A

80%

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12
Q

What is the continental shelf?

A

It extends seaward from shore; part of continental landmass; width varies.

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13
Q

What is the outer edge if the continental shelf referred to as?

A

Shelf break.

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14
Q

What is the continental slope?

A

After the shelf break where there is a slight steepening.

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15
Q

Where are most oceanic trenches located?

A

Along margin if the Pacific ocean.

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16
Q

What and where is the greatest ocean depth?

A

11033m in Mariana Trench.

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17
Q

What is it like for inhabitants of trenches?

A

There is high water pressure and low temperatures.

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18
Q

What does Sonar stand for?

A

SOund Navigating Ranging.

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19
Q

Continental shelfs meet shelf break at depths from…?

A

120-200meters.

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20
Q

Beyond the shelf break the continental slope meets the sea floor at depths of..?

A

3000-4000meters.

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21
Q

What are the source if new oceanic crust?

A

Mid-ocean ridge and rise systems.

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22
Q

Most marine organisms are what percentage water?

A

80-90%

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23
Q

Why are hydrogen bonds formed in water?

A

Because one end is positive. The other negative. They attract each other. It’s a weak bond…

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24
Q

Deep sea floor aka…

A

Abyssal plain

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25
Q

Abyssal plains

A

Flat, sediment covered floor if the ocean basin ~3000-5000m deep

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26
Q

Atmosphere

A

A unit of pressure (ATM) equal to 14.7 lbs/in2 and equal to the pressure created by a 1-inch square, 10-meter-tall column of seawater

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27
Q

Benthic

A

Sea floor/organisms living there

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28
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chem. bond btw two atoms created by the SHARING of electrons

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29
Q

Diurnal tide

A

Tidal pattern with one high tide and one low tide each lunar day

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30
Q

Continental boundary current

A

Surface ocean current flowin generally north or south along a continental edge

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31
Q

Countercurrent

A

Ocean current flows directly back into another current. Also in some animals relating to paired blood vessels containing blood flowing in opposite directions or streams of blood and seawater flowing through a gill in opposite directions.

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32
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Apparent change in direction if movin object (counterclockwise-Southern Hemisphere, clockwise-northern hemisphere) due to rotation of earth.

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33
Q

Fetch

A

Extent of the ocean over which winds blow to create surface waves

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34
Q

Aphotic zone

A

Portion of the water column usually deeper than 1000 m where sunlight is absent.

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35
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged atom or molecule formed by gaining or losing one or more electrons.

36
Q

Ionic bond

A

In crystalline structures, an atomic bond formed btw two adjacent oppositely charged ions.

37
Q

Ekman spiral

A

Deflection if surface currents that is a consequence if the Coriolis effect wherein direction Of flow rotates with increasing depth.

38
Q

High tide

A

Highest level reached by the rising ride.

39
Q

Pangaea

A

Supercontinent that consisted if all the present land masses prior to their breakup and subsequent drift to their present positions

40
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Collective geological processes that move the crustal plates of earth and cause continental drifting and sea floor spreading.

41
Q

Last glacial maximum

A

When Last major continental glacial advance in the Norther Hemisphere reached it’s maximum extent

42
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

Heat that must be extracted from liquid to freeze it to a solid at the same temp. ; for water=80 cal/g

43
Q

Latent heat of vaporization

A

Heat energy require I convert a liquid to a gas at the same temp; water=540cal/g

44
Q

Photic zone.

A

Portion if ocean where light intensity is sufficient to enable gross primary production (photosynthesis) to at least meet a cells respiratory needs.

45
Q

Pycnocline

A

Ocean layer near bottom if photic zone marked by sharp change in density that separates the less dense surface waters from denser deeper waters.

46
Q

Where are the Galápagos Islands?

A

Pacific Ocean

47
Q

Largest volcano if Galapagos?

A

Sierra negra

48
Q

How many islands make up the Galapagos?

A

~12

49
Q

First landed on Galapagos

A

Bishop Berlang of Panama

50
Q

Where does water and seawater stand on scale of acidity?

A

Pure=neutral

Sea=slightly basic

51
Q

When did Pangaea first split and into hat?

A

200 mill ago

Laurasia and Gondawana

52
Q

List eras and one important feature of each

A

Precambrian: origins mostly anaerobes
Paleozoic: fish, reptiles, sharks
Mesozoic: Dino’s and mammals
Cenozoic: buy Dino’s mammals iceage

53
Q

Trenches produce regions of sea floor…

A

Spreading

54
Q

Subductions produce…

A

Recycling of the floor

55
Q

Artificial selection

A

Not natural. Due to people choosing crop varieties, breeding, etc.

56
Q

Used to measure salinity

A

%. Part per thousand

57
Q

Carbonic acid

A

Chem mix of water with increased CO2; bad for species

58
Q

Can swim against ocean currents

A

Nekton

59
Q

Pycnocline

A

Measure of water density

60
Q

Semount

A

Volcanic mountains tops below sea surface

61
Q

What three things is water highest for?

A

Surface tension
Latent heat of vaporization
Latent heat of fusion
Also dissolves the most substances

62
Q

Period

A

Time it takes for two successive wave crests to pass a fixed point

63
Q

Trade winds

A

Northeast to southwest

64
Q

Westerlies

A

Middle latitudes; west-southwest

65
Q

Polar easterlies

A

High latitudes; east-west

66
Q

North-hemisphere wind belts

A

Trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies

Each mirrored in Southern Hemisphere.

67
Q

Gyres

A

Large circular current patterns

68
Q

Low tide

A

Follows high tide. Water to minimum elevation

69
Q

Spring tides

A

Recurs every two weeks near new and full moons. Characterized by greater-than-average tidal range

70
Q

Neap tide

A

Recurs every two weeks near quarter moons. Characterized by kea than average tidal range

71
Q

Semi diurnal tides

A

Patterns with two high tides and two low tides each lunar day

72
Q

Mixed semi diurnal tides

A

Patterns during a lunar day with 2 unequal high tides and 2 unequal low tides.

73
Q

Thermocline

A

Ocean layer, usually bear the button f the photic zone, marked by a sharp change in temperature that separates the warmer surface waters from the colder deeper ones

74
Q

Tide tables

A

Published predictions concerning tide

75
Q

Meiosis

A

Impairing of paired chromosomes

76
Q

Fertilization

A

Recombining chromosomes to form totally new chromosome pairings

77
Q

Gametes

A

Eggs or sperm

78
Q

Zygote

A

Combined egg and sperm

79
Q

Haploid cell

A

Contains only one of each type of chromosome characteristic of its species

80
Q

Diploid

A

Cells containing two of each type of chromosome characteristic to its species

81
Q

Flagellum

A

On cell used for motion

82
Q

Mitochondria

A

Associated with enzymes involved in respiration and energy release

83
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Have ribosomes arranged on them

84
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Sites for photosynthesis

85
Q

Producers

A

Autotrophic

86
Q

Consumers and decomposes

A

Heterotrophic

87
Q

Detritus

A

Waste products if dead remains of organisms from all other tropic levels

Marine Bio 1 (3 decks)

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