Ch 1: Measurement and the Properties of Matter Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
a systematic approach to research
1. define the problem (hypothesis)
2. perform experiments, make observations, and record information
3. Interpret the data and findings
What is qualitative data?
consisting of general observations about the system (ex. color, texture)
What is quantitative data?
compromising numbers obtained by various measurements of the system
What is a law?
a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions
What is a theory?
a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them
What are macroscopic properties?
those that can be determined directly with certain instruments that provide measurements
What are microscopic properties?
those on the atomic or molecular scale and must be determined by an indirect method
Kilo- (k)
1000, or 10^3
Deci- (d)
1/10, or 10^-1
Centi- (c)
1/100, or 10^-2
Milli- (m)
1/1000, or 10^-3
Micro- (weird u)
1/1,000,000, or 10^-6
Nano- (n)
1/1,000,000,000, or 10^-9
What is the equation for density?
d=m/V (g.mL)
When does an objects density change?
density usually decreases with temperature
Equation to convert celsius to Kelvin:
C + 273.15C = K
What is accuracy?
how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured
What is precision?
how closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another
What are systematic errors?
occur in a predictable manner, leading to measured values that are constantly off from the true value
What are random errors?
not predictable, leading to measured value that vary greatly from the true value
What is matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass
What is a substance?
a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties
What is a mixture?
a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
What is a homogeneous mixture?
a mixture in which the composition of the mixture is the same throughout
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
a mixture in which the composition is not uniform
What is an element?
a substance that cannot be separated further into simpler substances by chemical methods
What is a compound?
a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
What is a physical property?
can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance
What is a chemical property?
any property of a substance that cannot be studied without converting the substance into some other substance
What is an extensive property?
a property that depends on how much matter is being considered (ex. volume)
What is an intensive property?
a property that does not depend on how much matter is being considered (ex. density)
