Ch 1: Measurement and the Properties of Matter

Question 1

What is the scientific method?

Answer 1

a systematic approach to research
1. define the problem (hypothesis)
2. perform experiments, make observations, and record information
3. Interpret the data and findings

Question 2

What is qualitative data?

Answer 2

consisting of general observations about the system (ex. color, texture)

Question 3

What is quantitative data?

Answer 3

compromising numbers obtained by various measurements of the system

Question 4

What is a law?

Answer 4

a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions

Question 5

What is a theory?

Answer 5

a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them

Question 6

What are macroscopic properties?

Answer 6

those that can be determined directly with certain instruments that provide measurements

Question 7

What are microscopic properties?

Answer 7

those on the atomic or molecular scale and must be determined by an indirect method

Question 8

Kilo- (k)

Answer 8

1000, or 10^3

Question 9

Deci- (d)

Answer 9

1/10, or 10^-1

Question 10

Centi- (c)

Answer 10

1/100, or 10^-2

Question 11

Milli- (m)

Answer 11

1/1000, or 10^-3

Question 12

Micro- (weird u)

Answer 12

1/1,000,000, or 10^-6

Question 13

Nano- (n)

Answer 13

1/1,000,000,000, or 10^-9

Question 14

What is the equation for density?

Answer 14

d=m/V (g.mL)

Question 15

When does an objects density change?

Answer 15

density usually decreases with temperature

Question 16

Equation to convert celsius to Kelvin:

Answer 16

C + 273.15C = K

Question 17

What is accuracy?

Answer 17

how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured

Question 18

What is precision?

Answer 18

how closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

Question 19

What are systematic errors?

Answer 19

occur in a predictable manner, leading to measured values that are constantly off from the true value

Question 20

What are random errors?

Answer 20

not predictable, leading to measured value that vary greatly from the true value

Question 21

What is matter?

Answer 21

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 22

What is a substance?

Answer 22

a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties

Question 23

What is a mixture?

Answer 23

a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities

Question 24

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 24

a mixture in which the composition of the mixture is the same throughout

Question 25

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 25

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform

Question 26

What is an element?

Answer 26

a substance that cannot be separated further into simpler substances by chemical methods

Question 27

What is a compound?

Answer 27

a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions

Question 28

What is a physical property?

Answer 28

can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance

Question 29

What is a chemical property?

Answer 29

any property of a substance that cannot be studied without converting the substance into some other substance

Question 30

What is an extensive property?

Answer 30

a property that depends on how much matter is being considered (ex. volume)

Question 31

What is an intensive property?

Answer 31

a property that does not depend on how much matter is being considered (ex. density)