CH. 1 Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

Study of the action of drugs on living tissue

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

Study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretions

Question 3

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 3

Study of the use of drugs in treating disease

Question 4

Pharmacy

Answer 4

Science of preparing and dispensing medicines

Question 5

Posology

Answer 5

Study of the amount of drug that is required to produce therapeutic effects

Question 6

Toxicology

Answer 6

Study of the harmful effects of drug use on living tissue

Question 7

Therapeutic effect

Answer 7

Desired, or intended drug effect to alleviate some condition or symptom of disease

Question 8

Drug indication

Answer 8

Intention or indicated uses for any drug

Question 9

Contraindications

Answer 9

Conditions or situations in which a certain drug should not be administered

Question 10

Side effects

Answer 10

Drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually undesirable but not harmful

Question 11

Adverse effects

Answer 11

Undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect

Question 12

Toxic effects

Answer 12

Undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very harmful or life threatening

Question 13

Site of action

Answer 13

Location within the body where the drug exerts its therapeutic effect

Question 14

Mechanism of action

Answer 14

Explains how a drug produces its effects

Question 15

Receptor Site

Answer 15

specific location on certain cells for certain drugs and normal body substances

Question 16

Agonists

Answer 16

Drugs that bind to specific receptors and produce a drug action

Question 17

Antagonists

Answer 17

Drugs that bind to specific receptors and block agonist drug action or cellular functions are called antagonists

Question 18

Competitive antagonism

Answer 18

When both agonist and antagonist drugs bind to the same receptor and are administered together, they compete with each other for the same receptor site.

Question 19

Graded dose-response curve

Answer 19

Used to evaluate drug response among different drugs. eX. ED50

Question 20

Potency

Answer 20

Measure of the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to produce a specific effect

Question 21

Quantal dose response curve

Answer 21

shows the percentage of a human or animal population that responds to a specific drug dosage.

Question 22

Duration of action

Answer 22

Length of time that a drug continues to produce its effect

Question 23

Onset of action

Answer 23

The time from drug administration to the first observable effect

Question 24

Time -plasma drug concentration curve

Answer 24

Used for predicting the frequency with which a drug must be administered in order to maintain an effective drug response

Question 25

Therapeutic index

Answer 25

A ratio of the LD50 to ED50 of a drug. The equation is expressed as TI=LD50/ED50 =1000mg/100mg =10

Question 26

Adverse Drug Effects

Answer 26

Drugs that produce birth defects, such as thalidomide, are known as teratogens.

Question 27

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 27

Determined by individual variation in certain enzymes or other body proteins which cause an unusual or unexpected drug response

Question 28

Drug allergy

Answer 28

Occurs when an individual becomes sensitized to a particular drug which acts as an antigen and produces antibodies against the drug

Question 29

Chemical name

Answer 29

Name that defines the chemical composition of a drug

Question 30

Generic name

Answer 30

Nonproprietory name of a drug

Question 31

Trade name

Answer 31

Patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug manufacturer; also referred to as the brand name

Question 32

Prescription

Answer 32

Requires a written or phone order which can only be issued by or under the direction of a licensed physician, dentist, or veterinarian.

Question 33

Nonprescription

Answer 33

referred to as OTC drugs can be purchased without the services of a physician or pharmacist

Question 34

Controlled substance

Answer 34

Substance that has the potential for abuse and thus is regulated by law

Question 35

Schedule___drugs such as morphine, have a high abuse potential and an accepted medical use

Answer 35

II

Question 36

Schedule__drugs have a high abuse potential, no accepted medical use

Answer 36

I

Question 37

Schedule ___prescriptions can not be refilled; a new written prescription from the physician is required

Answer 37

II

Question 38

Which of the following defines a schedule IV drug?

Answer 38

Low abuse potential and accepted medical use

Question 39

Schedule___drugs have a moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use

Answer 39

III

Question 40

What two things does a drug manufacturer have to show before a drug is approved by the FDA?

Answer 40

Safety and efficacy

Question 41

Schedule __drugs have a high abuse potential and no medical use

Answer 41

I

Question 42

Situation or condition in which a certain drug should not be administered

Answer 42

Contraindication

Question 43

Maximal response that will be reached and doses above those needed to reach this effect can cause undesired effects

Answer 43

Ceiling effect

Question 44

Proprietary name of a drug

Answer 44

Brand name or Trade name

Question 45

Explains how a drug produces its effects

Answer 45

Mechanism

Question 46

Anti-diarrheal medications i.e. diphenoxylate and atropine

Preparations containing small or limited quantities of codeine

Answer 46

Schedule V

Question 47

Implies drug poisoning, the consequences can be extremely harmful and/or life threatening

Answer 47

toxic effect

Question 48

antagonism refers to both agonist and antagonist drugs being administered together and competing for the same receptor sites

Answer 48

Competitive

Question 49

Phenobarbital ,valium, Ambien

Answer 49

Schedule IV drugs

Question 50

In general terms, how do drugs work?

Answer 50

They influence the functions of cells