Ch. 1: Intro to Concepts of Pathology Flashcards
Health: WHO
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Biologic, psychologic, sociologic, emotional, spiritual
Health Process
Dynamic, varies with changes in interaction between individual and internal/external environment
Disease
Biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of an organ or system (biomedical condition). Might be occurring without someone knowing.
Illness
Sickness or deviation from healthy state. Perception and response to not being well. Can occur in absence of obvious pathological process
Acute Illness
-Rapid onset and short duration
-Not necessarily more severe
-Physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, emotional response
-Full recovery with no complications
Chronic Illness
-Permanent Illness or disability
-Residual physical or cognitive disability
-Need for special rehab/long term management
-Decreased QoL
-Many are modifiable through behavior and lifestyle changes
Premorbid personality that impacts illness
-Dependent
-Narcissistic
-Stoic
Common reactions to illness
Fear/anxiety, denial (noncompliance)
Pathology
-Branch of medicine that investigates essential nature of disease (structural and functional changes caused)
-Clinical: applying to solution of clinical problems
Pathogenesis
Development of unhealthy conditions or disease
Why is pathology important?
How it affects a person’s functional abilities and how they interact with their community
WHO ICIDH: Impairment
Functional/loss, organ level, can’t walk correctly
WHO ICIDH: Disability
Activity/limitation, person level, can’t go shopping
WHO ICIDH: Handicap
Social disadvantage, societal level, can’t do activities they want to
Executive Functions
Cortical functions involved in formulating goals and planning, initiating, monitoring and maintaining behavior
Behavior
Motor, effective, and social
Complex Problem Solving
Effective handling of new info
Info Processing
Speed with which info travels in brain
Memory Deficits
Result from a failure to store or retrieve info
Learning Disability
Difficulty acquiring info in specific domains (person has normal or near normal intelligence)
WHO ICF Framework
-Health Condition
-Body structure/function, activity, participation
-Environmental, personal factors
-Holistic!
Body Structures and Functions
Physiologic or psychologic functions, impairments
Activity
Execution of specific tasks, what they want to do
Participation
In daily life, job/hobby
Questions PT asks
-How condition affects functional ability?
-Precautions?
-Vital signs?
-How condition affects plan of care?
Primary Prevention
-Removing/reducing risk factors
-Ex: helmet, non smoking, speed limits, diet education
Secondary Prevention
-Promoting early detection of disease and preventative measures to avoid complications
-Ex: TB test, colonoscopy, mammogram
Tertiary Prevention
-Limit impact of established disease
-Rehab
-Return to highest level of function and prevent severe disability
-Ex: Equipment to help person stand
Genomic Variation
Sequence differences among individuals may be associated with health and disease
Three Categories of Genomic Variation
-Changes in single base pairs (polymorphism)
-Insertions and deletions of a small or large number of base pairs
-Structural rearrangements on a chromosome
Precision Medicine
Tailoring plan of care to individual genomic and cellular info. Also accounts for info about environment, activities, behavior, social network
Genetic factors are associated with
-Disease risk
-Severity and progression of the disease
-Variation in response to exercise and rehab programs
