Ch 1- Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
What is the definition of anatomy?
The study of external and internal structures and the physical relationships between the parts
Structure determines what?
Function
Anatomical landmarks and correct directional terms help in understanding the underlying structures, is referred to as what?
Superficial anatomy
What is the “anatomical position”?
Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward (little fingers by the thigh), feet flat on the floor and face straight ahead
Lying down with the face up is?
Supine
Lying down with the face down is?
Prone
Proximal is?
Toward an attached base - think close to
Distal is?
Away from an attached base - think distance
Medial is?
Toward the midline- think Spanish “el medio”
Lateral is?
Away from the midline
Superior is?
Above; at a higher level (in the human body, toward the head)
Inferior is?
Below, at a lower level; toward the feet
Cranial or cephalic is?
Toward the head
Caudal is?
Toward the tail (coccyx in humans)
Posterior or dorsal is?
The back, behind
Anterior or ventral is?
The front, before
Superficial is?
At, near, or relatively close to the body surface
Deep is?
Toward the interior of the body, farther from the surface
Section that separates anterior and posterior portions of the body
Frontal plane
Section that separates right and left portions (right down the “middle”)
Sagittal plane
Section that separates superior and inferior portions of the body
Transverse, horizontal, or cross-sectional plane
General body cavity with many subdivisions that provides protection, allows organ movement, and it’s lining prevents friction
Ventral body cavity (coelom)
Cavity surrounding chest wall and diaphragm
Thoracic cavity
Cavity containing peritoneal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cavity surrounding the left lung
Left pleural cavity
Cavity containing the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels as well as the pericardial cavity
Mediastinum
Cavity surrounding the heart
Pericardial cavity
Cavity surrounding the right lung
Right pleural cavity
Cavity containing many digestive glands and organs
Abdominal cavity
Cavity containing urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last portion of the digestive tract
Pelvic cavity
Structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Microscopic anatomy
Another name for gross anatomy
Macroscopic anatomy
Smallest living units of the levels of organization
Cells
Many cells together surrounding material
Tissues
Combinations of tissues
Organs
Combination of organs
Organ systems
The maintenance of constant internal environment suitable for the survival of body cells and tissues
Homeostasis
System dealing with the layers of the skin, protects against environmental hazards and controls body temp
The integumentary system
System providing support, protecting tissues, storing minerals, and forming blood cells
The skeletal system
System allowing locomotion, provides support and produces heat
The muscular system
System directing immediate responses to stimuli by coordinating the activities of other organ systems
The nervous system
System directing long term changes in activities of other organ systems
The endocrine system
