Ch 1: Information Systems: People, Technology, Processes and Structure Flashcards
Information system is…
•Interrelated components working together
•Collect, process, store, and disseminate information
Includes a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation
Information systems
Used to accomplish work-related tasks and everyday living activities
Information system
Used to used to analyze large amounts of data
Information system
What Generates more sales and Achieves superior profit margins?
Competitive advantage
Gained through cost leadership, differentiation, focus
Competitive advantage
Requires considerable effort to sustain
Competitive advantage
Managers’ key role
Competitive advantage
•Used to introduce new systems into the workplace
•Intended to lower stress, encourage teamwork, and increase successful implementation
Leavitt’s Diamond model
Leavitt’s Diamond Model highlights four key components
•People,
•Technology infrastructure,
•Processes, and
•Structure
What model proposes that every organizational system operates within a context composed of people, technology infrastructure, processes, and human structure?
Leavitt’s Diamond
What are the four categories of management roles that implement successful information systems?
People, structures, processes, technology infrastructure
the most important element of information systems
People
Employee requirements for success
•Training and an understanding of the need for the information system
•Motivation to use the information system
•Access to system support people as needed
•Resources include hardware, software, databases, networks, facilities, and third-party services
•Required to meet customers’, suppliers’, key business partners’, regulatory agencies’, and employees’ needs
•Forms the foundation of every computer-based information system
Technology infrastructure
Forms the foundation of every computer-based information system
Technology infrastructure
Required to meet customers’, suppliers’, key business partners’, regulatory agencies’, and employees’ needs
Technology infrastructure
Resources include hardware, software, databases, networks, facilities, and third-party services
Technology infrastructure
•Process: Structured set of related activities
•Takes input, adds value, creates an output
Processes
Structured set of related activities
Process
•Takes input, adds value, creates an output
Processes
steps to follow to achieve a specific end result
•How to achieve an end result
•Who does what and when
•What to do if something goes wrong
Using an information system involves setting up and following many procedures t/f
True
•Defines relationships between organization members
•Defines the necessary roles, responsibilities, and lines of authority
•Employees must understand and accept their roles and responsibilities
•Roles and responsibilities often change with the introduction of a new information system
Structure
•Defines relationships between organization members
Structure
•Defines the necessary roles, responsibilities, and lines of authority
Structure
•Employees must understand and accept their roles and responsibilities
Structure
•Roles and responsibilities often change with the introduction of a new information system
Structure
Improves productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks
Personal information system
Enables people to work together effectively
Workgroup information system
Facilitates organization-wide business needs
Enterprise information system
Enables the sharing of information across organizational boundaries
Interorganizational IS
4 Types of Information Systems
Personal information system, workgroup information system, enterprise information system,interorganizational information system
Managerial process designed to identify initiatives and projects to achieve organizational objectives
•Must recognize that the organization and everything around it is in a state of flux
Strategic planning
Managerial process designed to identify initiatives and projects to achieve organizational objectives
Strategic planning
Must recognize that the organization and everything around it is in a state of flux
Strategic planning
•Provides a framework and clearly defined direction to guide decision making
•Provides effective use of organization’s resources
Benefits of strategic planning
Benefits of strategic planning
•Provides a framework and clearly defined direction to guide decision making
•Provides effective use of organization’s resources
Allows organization to be proactive
•Improves communication
Benefits of strategic planning
Benefits of strategic planning
Allows organization to be proactive
•Improves communication
•Long-term impact of each strategy on revenue and profit
•Degree of risk involved
•Amount and types of resources required
•Potential competitive reaction
Considerations of strategic planning
Must be consistent with organizational plan
Strategic planning
Information System Strategic Planning study card
•Identify resources to invest in
•Support corporate and business unit strategies
•Includes technologies, vendors, competencies, people, systems, and projects
•IS plan influences:
•New technology innovations
•Innovative thinkers
•Perception of IS organization
•Cost center/service provider
•Business partner/business peer
•Game changer
Drivers that set IS organizational strategy and determine information system investments t/f
True
Planners must consider many factors in setting IS organizational strategy t/f
True
