Ch#1 : Ideology Of Pakistan : Long Flashcards
Hhh
Elaborate the islamoc values which are the basis of the ideology of Pakistan.
Txtbook
Explain the two nation theory , its origin , evolution and explication.
Two-Nation Theory: Origin, Evolution and Explication:In the Sub-continent, every individual who embraced Islam associated himself, socially and politically, to the Muslim society and State. Thus, he would break all the previous relationships and link himself to a new social system. On these bases, with time, a separate and unique temperament of the Muslims of India formed. It was entirely different from that of the other Indian nations. This identity formed the basis of the Two-Nation Theory.In the perspective of the Sub-continent, Two-Nation Theory means that two major nations, the Muslims and the Hindus, were settled there. Two nations were entirely different from each other in their religious ideas, the way of living and collective thinking. Their basic principles and the way of living are so different that despite living together for centuries, they could not intermingle with each other. The Indian Muslims fought the war of freedom based on Two-Nation Theory and after accepting this theory as a historical fact two separate states. Pakistan and India came into existence. This Theory is the basis of the Ideology of Pakistan.So far as the evolution of Two-Nation Theory is concerned we will evaluate some personalities and their thoughts. These personalities belong to different periods.
Two-Nation Theory and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first person who used the term “Two-Nation Theory” due to Hindi Urdu Controversy in Banaras in 1867. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan declared the Muslims a separate nation. He convinced the government that there are at least two nations settled in the Sub-continent. One of them is Muslims and the other is Hindus.The Muslims are a separate nation in every respect because their civilization, culture language, customs and philosophy of life are different from those of Hindus. This theory infused a political spirit among the Muslims and provided them with such leadership which gave a new spirit and push to the freedom movement. India was partitioned because of the Two-Nation Theory.
Two-Nation Theory and Allama Muhammad Iqbal (Rahmatullah):
Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal (Rahmatullah) presented the idea of a separate state for the Muslims. He said “The Muslims would not allow that their religious, political and social rights are usurped. Therefore, I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP (KPK), Sindh and Balochistan put together into a single state.”
Two-Nation Theory and Chaudhary Rehmat Ali:In January 1933, during his stay at England, Chaudhary Rehmat Ali along with some of his friends published a pamphlet named “Now or Never”. It was also distributed among Indian politicians. In this pamphlet, the name of the separate state for the Muslims was proposed as Pakistan.Chaudhary Rehmat Ali thought that the Muslims possess the history and civilization of their own and based on these two, their nationality is not Hindustani but Pakistani. He believed that Muslims are a nation that is different from other nations living in India.
Two-Nation Theory and Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah):
Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) was a firm advocate of Two-Nation Theory. He gave the Muslims the status of a separate nation in every respect. He said: “Musalmans are a nation according to any definition of a nation, and they must have their homeland, their territory and their State.” Pakistan Resolution was passed on the 23rd of March 1940. In his Presidential Address Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) said “The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs and literature. It would be better for the British Government to announce the partition of the Sub-continent by keeping in view the interest of the two nations. It would be a right step religiously as well as historically.”
Describe the ideology of pakistan in the ligbt of the pronouncements of Quaid-e-Azam.
According to Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) the territories having Muslim majority i.e. Punjab, Bengal, Asam, Sindh, NWFP (KPK) and Balochistan should be put together to form Pakistan where people may lead their lives by the principles of their religion, civilization, traditions, ethics and economics. The Muslims may run the affairs of the state according to their values freely. The minorities should enjoy equal rights too.Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) considered the Islamic System fully applicable. He wanted to establish the system of the country based on Quran. In the session of All India Muslim League at Karachi in 1943, he said: “What relationship knits the Muslims into one whole, which the formidable rock on which the Muslim edifice has been erected, which the sheet anchor providing a basis to the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor and the rock is Holy Quran.”While addressing the students in March 1944, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) said:“Islam is our guide and it is the complete code of life.Addressing at Aligarh, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) explained the ideology of Pakistan in the following words:”What was the motive of demand for Pakistan and what was the reason of separate state for the Muslims? Why was the need to divide India felt? Its reasons is neither narrow neither mindedness of the Hindus nor tactics of the British. It is the fundamental demand of Islam.”Addressing the Officers of the Government of Pakistan at Karachi on 11 October 1947, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) said:“The establishment of Pakistan for which we have been striving for the last ten years is, by the grace of God, a fact today, but the creation of a State of our own was a means to an end and not the end in itself. The idea was that we should have a state in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find fair play.”
On one occasion, while explaining the Ideology of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) said:“We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles.”
On 21 March 1948, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) addressed the people of Dhaka. He said:“What we want is not to talk about Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, and Pathan and so on. We are nothing but Pakistani. Now we must act like Pakistani.”
On 1 July 1948, Quaid-e-Azam (Rahmatullah) inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan. On this occasion, he said “The economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity. It has failed to do justice between man and man. We must present to the world an economic system based on the true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice.”
