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Comps > CH. 1 General Principles of Biomechanics > Flashcards

CH. 1 General Principles of Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

rotations of a rigid surface about an axis

A

Levers

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2
Q

three types of levers

A
  1. 1st class lever
  2. 2nd class lever
  3. 3rd class lever
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3
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applied on either side of an axis

  • the effort is the force that attempts to cause movement
  • the resistance is the force that opposes movement
A

1st class lever

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4
Q

Example of a 1st class lever (human body)

A

contraction of the triceps at the elbow joint

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5
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applied on one side of an axis

  • resistance lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation
A

2nd class lever

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6
Q

Example of a 2nd class lever (human body)

A

toe raises

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7
Q

lever occurs when two forces are applies on one side of an axis

  • the effort force lies closer to the axis than the resistance force
A

3rd class lever

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8
Q

Example of a 3rd class lever (human body)

A

elbow flexion

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9
Q

movement beteween joint surfaces

A

arthrokinematics

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10
Q

What three motions describe the movement of one joint surface on another?

A
  1. roll
  2. glide
  3. spin
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11
Q

What movement consists of one joint surface rolling on another, such as a tire rolling on the road?

A

Roll

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12
Q

Example of roll

A

movement between the femoral and tibial articular surface of the knee

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13
Q

what movement consists of a pure translatory motion of one surface glidiong on another as when a braked wheel skids?

A

Glide

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14
Q

Example of glide

A

movement of the joint surface of the proximal phalanx at the head of the metacarpal bone of the hand

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15
Q

what movement consists of a rotation of the movable component of the joint?

A

Spin

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16
Q

Example of spin

A

movement between joint surfaces of radial head with humerus

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17
Q

combinations of all three motions can occur at joints

A

e.g.-between joint surfaces of humerus and scapula of shoulder

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18
Q

movement between two bones

A

Osteokinematics

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19
Q

describes relationship between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics

A

convex-concave rule

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20
Q

Convex moving on a fixed concave

A

the convex surface moves opposite to the direction of the shaft of the bony lever

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21
Q

concave moving on a fixed convex

A

the concave articulating surface moves in the same diraction as the bony lever

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22
Q

in the spine, at the level of the atlanto-occipital joint what rule applies?

A

the convex rule-convex surface will move oppsite the bony lever

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23
Q

in the spine below the second vertebra what rule appies?

A

the concave rule- concave surface moves in the same direction at the bony lever

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24
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Finger

Function-?

Moving component of articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Finger

Function-Flexion/extension

Moving component of articulation-Distal Phalanx

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-Concave moving on Convex

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25
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Metacarpal-phalangeal

Function-?

Moving component of articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Metacarpal-phalangeal

Function- Abduction/Adduction

Moving component of articulation- Proximal phalanx

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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26
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist

Function-?

Moving component of articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist

Function- Flexion/Extension

Moving component of articulation- Capitate, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-
Convex moving on Concave

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27
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist

Function-?

Moving component of articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Wrist

Function- Flexion/Extension

Moving component of articulation- Trapezoid

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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28
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Distal

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Distal

Function- Pronation/Supination

Moving Component of Articulation- Radius

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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29
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Proximal

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- ?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Radioulnar-Proximal

Function- Pronation/Supination

Moving Component of Articulation- Radius

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex moving on Concave

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30
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroradial

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroradial

Function- Flexion/Extension

Moving Component of Articulation- Radius

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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31
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroulnar

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Humeroulnar

Function- Flexion/Extension

Moving Component of Articulation- Ulna

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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32
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Glenohumeral

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Glenohumeral

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Humerus

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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33
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular

Function- Elevation/Depression

Moving Component of Articulation- Clavicle

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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34
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Sternoclavicular

Function- Protraction/Retraction

Moving Component of Articulation- Clavicle

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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35
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Acromioclavicular

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Acromioclavicular

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Scapula

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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36
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Toes

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Toes

Function- Flexion/Extension

Moving Component of Articulation- Distal Phalanx

**Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- **Concave moving on Convex

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37
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Metatarsal-phalangeal

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Metatarsal-phalangeal

Function- Abduction/Adduction

Moving Component of Articulation- Proximal Phalanx

**Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- **Concave moving on Convex

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38
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Navicular, Cuneiform

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave moving on Convex

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39
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Subtalar

Function- Inversion/Eversion

Moving Component of Articulation- Cuboid, Calcaneus

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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40
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Talocrural

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Ankle/Foot-Talocrural

Function- Dorsalflexion/Plantarflexion

Moving Component of Articulation- Talus

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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41
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Tibiofibular

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Tibiofibular

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Fibular head

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave Moving on Convex

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42
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Knee

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Knee

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Tibia

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Concave Moving on Convex

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43
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Hip

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Hip

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Femur

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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44
Q

Concave-Convex Rule- Temporomandibular

Function-?

Moving Component of Articulation-?

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule-?

A

Concave-Convex Rule- Temporomandibular

Function- All Movements

Moving Component of Articulation- Mandible

Relationship of Convex/Concave Rule- Convex Moving on Concave

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45
Q
  • Joint position where capsule and other soft tissues are in the most relaxed position
  • minimal joint surface contact
  • may perform joint play and mobilization techniques in this joint position
A

Resting or loose-packed position

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46
Q
  • Joint position where capsule and other soft tissues are maximally tensed
  • Maximal contact between joint surfaces
  • Joint play and mobilization cannot be properly performed in this position
A

Close-packed position

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47
Q

Joint Position- Vertebral

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Vertebral

Resting Position- Midway between Flexion and Extension

Close-Packed Position- Maximal Extension

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48
Q

Joint Position- Temporomandibular

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Temporomandibular

Resting Position- Jaw slightly open (freeway space)

Close-Packed Position- Maximal retrusion (mouth closed with teeth clenched) or maximal anterior position mouth maximally opened

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49
Q

Joint Position- Sternoclavicular

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Sternoclavicular

Resting Position- Arm resting by side

Close-Packed Position- Arm maximally elevated

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50
Q

Joint Position- Acromioclavicular

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Acromioclavicular

Resting Position- Arm resting by side

Close-Packed Position- Arm abducted 90º

51
Q

Joint Position- Glenohumeral

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Glenohumeral

Resting Position- 55°-70° abduction; 30° horizontal adduction; neutral rotation

Close-Packed Position- Maximal abduction and external rotation

52
Q

Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroulnar)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroulnar)

Resting Position- 70° flexion & 10° supination

Close-Packed Position- Full extension & full supination

53
Q

Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroradial)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Elbow (Humeroradial)

Resting Position- Full extension & full supination

Close-Packed Position- 90° flexion & 5° supination

54
Q

Joint Position- Forearm (Proximal Radioulnar)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Forearm (Promimal Radioulnar)

Resting Position- 70° flexion & 35° supination

Close-Packed Position- 5° supination & full extension

55
Q

Joint Position- Forearm (Distal Radioulnar)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position- ?

A

Joint Position- Forearm (Distal Radioulnar)

Resting Position- 10° supination

Close-Packed Position- 5° supination

56
Q

Joint Position- Radiocarpal/Ulnocarpal

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Radiocarpal/Ulnocarpal

Resting Position- Neutral with slight ulnar deviation

Close-Packed Position- Full extension with radial deviation

57
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Midcarpal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Midcarpal)

Resting Position- Neutral with slight flexion & ulnar deviation

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

58
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Carpometacarpal 2-5)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Carpometacarpal 2-5)

Resting Position- Midway between flexion/ & extension, mid flexion & mid extension

Close-Packed Position- Full opposition

59
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Trapeziometacarpal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Trapeziometacarpal)

Resting Position- Midway between flexion/extension & between abduction/adduction

Close-Packed Position- Full opposition

60
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (1st MCP)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (1st MCP)

Resting Position- Slight flexion

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

61
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (MCP 2-5)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Metacarpophalangeal) (MCP 2-5)

Resting Position- Slight flexion with ulnar deviation

Close-Packed Position- Full flexion

62
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Proximal IP)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Proximal IP)

Resting Position- 10° flexion

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

63
Q

Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Distal IP)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hand (Interphalangeal) (Distal IP)

Resting Position- 30° flexion

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

64
Q

Joint Position- Hip

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Hip

Resting Position- 30° flexion, 30° abduction, & slight lateral rotation

Close-Packed Position-

  • Ligamentous: full extension, abduction, & internal rotation
  • Bony: 90° flexion, slight abduction, & slight external rotation
65
Q

Joint Position- Knee

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Knee

Resting Position- 25° flexion

Close-Packed Position- Full extension& external rotation

66
Q

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Talocrural)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Talocrural)

Resting Position- Mid inversion/eversion & 10° plantarflexion

Close-Packed Position- Full dorsiflexion

67
Q

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Subtalar)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Subtalar)

Resting Position- Midway between extremes of ROM with 10° plantarflexion

Close-Packed Position- Full inversion

68
Q

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Midtarsal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Midtarsal)

Resting Position- Midway between extremes of ROM with 10° plantarflexion

Close-Packed Position- Full supination

69
Q

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Tarsometatarsal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Ankle/Foot (Tarsometatarsal)

Resting Position- Midway between supination & pronation

Close-Packed Position- Full supination

70
Q

Joint Position- Toes (Metatarsophalangeal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Toes (Metatarsophalangeal)

Resting Position- Neutral (extension 10°)

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

71
Q

Joint Position- Toes (Interphalangeal)

Resting Position-?

Close-Packed Position-?

A

Joint Position- Toes (Interphalangeal)

Resting Position- Slight flexion

Close-Packed Position- Full extension

72
Q

Capsular Patterns- Temporomandibular

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Temporomandibular

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limited mouth opening

73
Q

Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Occipitoatlantal Joint)

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Occipitoatlantal Joint)

Relative Limitations of Movement-Forward flexion linited greater than extension

74
Q

Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Atlantoatlantal Joint)

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Upper Cervical Spine (Occiput-C2) (Atlantoatlantal Joint)

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation with rotation

75
Q

Capsular Patterns- Lower Cervical Spine (C3-T2)

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Lower Cervical Spine (C3-T2)

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation with all motions except flexion (side-bending and rotation equally limited and both greater than extension)

76
Q

Capsular Patterns- Glenohumeral

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Glenohumeral

Relative Limitations of Movement- Greater limitation of external rotation, followed by abduction and internal rotation

77
Q

Capsular Patterns- Sternoclavicular

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Sternoclavicular

Relative Limitations of Movement- Full elevation limited; pain at extreme ROM

78
Q

Capsular Patterns- Acromioclavicular

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Acromioclavicular

Relative Limitations of Movement- Full elevation limited; pain at extreme ROM

79
Q

Capsular Patterns- Humeroulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Humeroulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement- Loss of flexion more so than extension

80
Q

Capsular Patterns- Humeroradial

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Humeroradial

Relative Limitations of Movement- Loss of flexion more so than extension

81
Q

Capsular Patterns- Proximal Radioulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Proximal Radioulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: Pronation=Supination

82
Q

Capsular Patterns- Distal Radioulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Distal Radioulnar

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: Pronation=Supination

83
Q

Capsular Patterns- Wrist

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Wrist

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: Flexion= extension

84
Q

Capsular Patterns- Midcarpal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Midcarpal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: Equal in all directions

85
Q

Capsular Patterns- Trapeziometacarpal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Trapeziometacarpal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: abduction more so than extension

86
Q

Capsular Patterns- Carpometacarpals 2-5

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Carpometacarpals 2-5

Relative Limitations of Movement- Equally restricted in all directions

87
Q

Capsular Patterns- Upper extermity digits

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Upper extermity digits

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation: flexion> extension

88
Q

Capsular Patterns- Thoracic spine

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Thoracic spine

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limitation of side-bending and rotation > loss of extension> flexion

89
Q

Capsular Patterns- Lumbar spine

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Lumbar spine

Relative Limitations of Movement- Marked and equal limitation of side-bending and rotation; loss of extension > flexion

90
Q

Capsular Patterns- Sacroiliac, Symphysis pubis, Sacrococcygeal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Sacroiliac, Symphysis pubis, Sacrococcygeal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Pain when joints are stressed

91
Q

Capsular Patterns- Hip

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Hip

Relative Limitations of Movement- Limited flexion/internal rotation; some limitation of abduction; no or little limitation of adduction and external rotation

92
Q

Capsular Patterns- Knee

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Knee

Relative Limitations of Movement- Flexion grossly limited; slight limitation of extension

93
Q

Capsular Patterns- Tibiofibular (Proximal & Distal)

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Tibiofibular (Proximal & Distal)

Relative Limitations of Movement- Pain when joint is stressed

94
Q

Capsular Patterns- Talocrural

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Talocrural

Relative Limitations of Movement- Loss of plantarflexion greater than dorsiflexion

95
Q

Capsular Patterns- Talocalcaneal (Subtalar)

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Talocalcaneal (Subtalar)

Relative Limitations of Movement- Increasing limitations of varus; joint fixed in valgus (inversion > eversion)

96
Q

Capsular Patterns- Midtarsal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Midtarsal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Supination>pronation (limited dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction, and medial rotation)

97
Q

Capsular Patterns- 1st Metatarsophalangeal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- 1st Metatarsophalangeal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Marked limitation of extension; slight limitation of flexion

98
Q

Capsular Patterns- Metatarsophalangeal 2-5

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Metatarsophalangeal 2-5

Relative Limitations of Movement- Variable; tend toward flexion restrictions

99
Q

Capsular Patterns- Interphalangeal

Relative Limitations of Movement-?

A

Capsular Patterns- Interphalangeal

Relative Limitations of Movement- Tend toward extension restrictions

100
Q

what are 3 Normal Physiological End-feels?

A
  1. Soft
  2. Firm
  3. Hard
101
Q

what end-feel occurs with soft soft tissue approximation?

A

Soft end-feel

102
Q

What end-feel occurs with capsular and ligamentous stretching?

A

Firm end-feel

103
Q

what end-feel occurs when bone and/or cartilage meet?

A

Hard end-feel

104
Q

What are the 5 Pathological end-feels?

A
  1. Boggy
  2. Firm with decreased elasticity
  3. Rubbery
  4. Empty
  5. Hypermobility
105
Q

What end-feel occurs with edema and joint swelling?

A

Boggy end-feel

106
Q

what end-feel occurs with the fibrosis of soft tissues?

A

Firm with decreased elasticity end-feel

107
Q

What end-feel occurs with a muscle spasm?

A

Rubbery end-feel

108
Q

what end-feel occurs when ROM is loose, then very hard; associated with muscle guarding or patient avoiding painful part of range?

A

Empty end-feel

109
Q

what end-feel occurs with an end-feel that happens at a later time than on the opposite side?

A

Hypermobility end-feel

110
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

0

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

0

Classification of Joint-

Ankylosed

111
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

1

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

1

Classification of Joint-

Considerable Hypomobility

112
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

2

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

2

Classification of Joint-

Slight Hypomobility

113
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

3

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

3

Classification of Joint-

Normal

114
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

4

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

4

Classification of Joint-

Slight Hypermobility

115
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

5

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

5

Classification of Joint-

Considerable Hypermobility

116
Q

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

6

Classification of Joint-?

A

Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion

Assessed Grade of movement-

6

Classification of Joint-

Unstable

117
Q

What happens when muscles have become shortened/lenghtened, weakened, lost endurance, developed impaired coordination, or become paralyzed?

A

Stronger muscles compensate for loss of motion

118
Q

When shoulder abductors are weakened what muscles initiate shoulder motion?

A

Scapular stabilizers

119
Q

When hip abductors are weak what muscles take over?

A

lateral trunk muscles or tensor fascia latae (TFL)

120
Q

When finger flexors are weak(tenodesis) what muscles are used?

A

use of passive finger flexion by contraction of wrist extensors

121
Q

When the pectoralis major muscle is weak what muscles are used to take over?

A

long head of biceps, coracobrachialis and anterior deltoid

122
Q

when the hip extensors are weak what muscles help out?

A

low back extensors, adductor magnus, and quadratus lumborum

123
Q

when the hip flexors are weak what muscles help out?

A

lower abdominals, lower obliques, hip adductors, and latissimus dorsi

Comps (3 decks)

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