Ch 1: Critters Flashcards
Describe Microbes: Bacteria Description Characteristics Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: eubacteria, archaeabacteria, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, acid fast, cyanobacteria
Characteristics: prokaryotes, absorbers, wet conditions, animal decomposers, cell walls, unicellular
Nutrient Type: all types
Durable state: endospores (some)
Diseases: tetanus, botulism, gonorrhea, chlamydia, tuberculosis, etc., etc., etc.
Suffix for rod-shaped bacteria*
- bacilli, -bacillus
Suffix for sphere-shaped bacteria
-cocci, -coccus
Suffix for spiral-shaped bacteria
-spiri, -spiro
Prefix for two bacteria
diplo-
Prefix for a strand of bacteria
Strepto-
Prefix for a cluster or group of bacteria
Staphylo-
Prefix for a cluster of four bacteria
Tetrad-
Prefix for a “cube” of eight bacteria
Sarcinae-
Describe cyanobacteria Description Types Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: incorrectly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria are a kind of bacteria (more specifically, a kind of eubacteria)
Types: photosynthetic aquatic prokaryotes, green lake scum, cell walls
Nutrient Type: photoautotrophs
Durable state: ?
Diseases: none
Describe fungi Description Types Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: yeasts (unicellular fungi), molds (filamentous fungi)
Types: eukaryotes, nutrient absorbers, dry conditions, plant decomposers, cell walls, ~100 human pathogens
Nutrient Type: chemoheterotrophs
Durable state: spores (not endospores)
Diseases: mycoses: candida, ringworm (pictured), athlete’s foot, jock itch, etc.
Describe protists (protozoans) Description Types Motility Durable State Diseases
Description: Unicellular and multicellular slime molds, flagellates, ciliates, amoeba
Types/characteristics: eukaryotes, few parasites, engulfers and absorbers, wet conditions, no cell wall, ~30 human pathogens
Motility: cilia, flagella, pseudopodia, [apicomplexans (need host to move)]
Durable state: cysts (some)
Diseases: malaria, giardiasis, amoebic dysentery, etc. (shown are harmless–to us–protist components of pond water: Amoeba, Blepharisma, Paramecium, & Stentor)
Describe protists (algae) Description Types Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: photosynthetic aquatic eukaryotes, cell walls, both unicellular and multicellular types
Types: brown, red, green, diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids
Nutrient Type: photoautotrophs
Durable state:?
Diseases: Some poisonings associated with unicellular types: Alexandrium causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), Dinophysis causes Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) [some would describe some as protists]
Describe helminths Description Types Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: Flatworms (platyhelminths), roundworms (nematodes)
Types: (multicellular animal) parasites, engulfers and absorbers
Nutrient Type: chemoheterotrophs
Durable state:?
Diseases: trichinosis, hook worm, tape worm (pictured are scoleces [heads] – the proglottids [tails] are not shown)
Describe viruses Description Types Nutrient Type Durable State Diseases
Description: Viruses are not cells but some viruses do have lipid envelopes
Types: acellular (not alive), obligate intracellular parasites
Nutrient Type: not applicable
Durable state: virion particles, some can encase in durable state of host
Diseases: common cold, flu, HIV, herpes, chicken pox, etc.
Describe prions
Infectious proteinaceous particles
These are rogue versions of normal brain proteins which contribute to memory storage
These odd agents have only been partially understood in the past decade and are responsible for thirteen identified diseases like Mad-Cow Disease, Creutchfeld-Jakob, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia . . .
All are Spongiform Encephalopathys
Mad Cow Disease traced to pet food plant in Waco, Texas
