Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Ch 1 Cell Structure and Organisation > Flashcards

Ch 1 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell definition?

A

A cell is a unit of life. It is made of a mass of living matter called protoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

11 parts of a cell?

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Vacuole
  5. Cell membrane
  6. Cell wall
  7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  9. Ribosomes
  10. Golgi Apparatus
  11. Mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protoplasm is made up of 3 parts:

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features of cell membrane?

A
  • Made of lipids and proteins
  • Partially permeable
  • Allows small and soluble substances to pass through
  • Contains carrier proteins to help in active transport of substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Features of cell wall?

A
  • Made of cellulose
  • Fully permeable
  • Protects cell from injury
  • Gives cell a fixed shape
  • Only present in plant cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Features of cytoplasm?

A
  • Found between cell membrane and nucleus
  • Cellular activities take place here
  • Contains organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of nucleus?

A
  • Controls cell activities
  • Essential for cell division
  • Cells w/o a nucleus e.g. red blood cells are unable to divide
  • Contains chromosomes that contain DNA which carry genetic information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  • Surface appears studded as ribosomes are attached to it
  • Transport proteins made by the ribosomes to the Golgi Apparatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Features of ribosomes?

A
  • Small round structures
  • Either attached to RER or lie freely in cytoplasm
  • Responsible for synthesis of polypeptides from amino acids (amino acids -> polypeptides)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  • SER is more tubular than RER
  • Does not have ribosomes attached to its surface
  • Synthesises substances such as
    fats and steroids
  • Involved in detoxification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Features of Golgi Apparatus?

A
  • Golgi apparatus consists of
    flattened spaces surrounded by
    membranes
  • Chemically modifies substances made
    by the RER and SER
  • Stores and packages the
    substances in vesicles for
    secretion out of the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Process of proteins made by the RER and SER leaving the cell?

A
  1. Vesicles containing proteins made by the RER and SER pinch off from the ER
  2. Vesicles fuse with the Golgi Appparatus and the proteins are released into the Golgi Apparatus to be chemically modified
  3. Vesicles containing chemically modified proteins pinch off from the Golgi Apparatus and move towards the cell membrane
  4. The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and the proteins within exit the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of mitochondria?

A
  • Oval/sausage-shaped organelles
  • Aerobic respiration occurs here
  • Oxidises glucose to release energy for cellular activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Similarities between generalised animal and plant cell?

A

Both contain:
- SER
- RER
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Apparatus
- Vacuole
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Differences between generalised animal and plant cell?

A

Plant cell:
1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell wall
3. Large central vacuole

Animal cell:
1. No chloroplasts
2. No cell wall
4. Numerous small temporary vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Red blood cell adaptations and functions?

A

A1: Contains haemoglobin
F1: Binds reversibly to oxygen
and transports it from
lungs to rest of body

A2: Circular biconcave shape
F2: Increase SA:V ratio for increased rate of diffusion of oxygen in and out of the cell

A3: Absence of nucleus
F3: Allows more space packing of more haemoglobin for
transport of more oxygen

A4: Flexible
F4: Easily squeeze through capillaries

17
Q

Muscle cell adaptations and functions?

A

A1: Contain many mitochondria
F1: Provide energy for contraction of muscle cell

A2: Has contractile protein fibres
F2: Contract and relax to bring about movement

A3: Has many nuclei
F4: Allow for cell division

18
Q

Root hair cell adaptations and functions?

A

A1: Long and narrow extension / protrusion
F1: Increase surface area-to-
volume ratio for increased rate of absorption of water and mineral salts

A2: Large number of mitochondria
F2: Provide energy for active transport of mineral salts

A3: Maintains a lower water potential in vacuole
F3: Allow water to enter the
root hair cell via osmosis

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions