Ch 1 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards
Cell definition?
A cell is a unit of life. It is made of a mass of living matter called protoplasm.
11 parts of a cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Apparatus
- Mitochondria
Protoplasm is made up of 3 parts:
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Features of cell membrane?
- Made of lipids and proteins
- Partially permeable
- Allows small and soluble substances to pass through
- Contains carrier proteins to help in active transport of substances
Features of cell wall?
- Made of cellulose
- Fully permeable
- Protects cell from injury
- Gives cell a fixed shape
- Only present in plant cells
Features of cytoplasm?
- Found between cell membrane and nucleus
- Cellular activities take place here
- Contains organelles
Features of nucleus?
- Controls cell activities
- Essential for cell division
- Cells w/o a nucleus e.g. red blood cells are unable to divide
- Contains chromosomes that contain DNA which carry genetic information
Features of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
- Surface appears studded as ribosomes are attached to it
- Transport proteins made by the ribosomes to the Golgi Apparatus
Features of ribosomes?
- Small round structures
- Either attached to RER or lie freely in cytoplasm
- Responsible for synthesis of polypeptides from amino acids (amino acids -> polypeptides)
Features of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
- SER is more tubular than RER
- Does not have ribosomes attached to its surface
- Synthesises substances such as
fats and steroids - Involved in detoxification
Features of Golgi Apparatus?
- Golgi apparatus consists of
flattened spaces surrounded by
membranes - Chemically modifies substances made
by the RER and SER - Stores and packages the
substances in vesicles for
secretion out of the cell
Process of proteins made by the RER and SER leaving the cell?
- Vesicles containing proteins made by the RER and SER pinch off from the ER
- Vesicles fuse with the Golgi Appparatus and the proteins are released into the Golgi Apparatus to be chemically modified
- Vesicles containing chemically modified proteins pinch off from the Golgi Apparatus and move towards the cell membrane
- The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and the proteins within exit the cell
Features of mitochondria?
- Oval/sausage-shaped organelles
- Aerobic respiration occurs here
- Oxidises glucose to release energy for cellular activities
Similarities between generalised animal and plant cell?
Both contain:
- SER
- RER
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Apparatus
- Vacuole
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
Differences between generalised animal and plant cell?
Plant cell:
1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell wall
3. Large central vacuole
Animal cell:
1. No chloroplasts
2. No cell wall
4. Numerous small temporary vacuoles