Ch 1 and 2 Flashcards
fasting for dogs and cats
8-12 hrs prior
water 2-4 hours
fasting for neonates and petients under 2 kg
should not be fasted due to hypoglycemia
Borborygmus
gut sounds ; intestinal noises audible with or without stethoscope caused by gas moving through the intestinal tract
Cachexia
muscle wasting ; weight loss, loss of muscle mass
CO
Cardiac output; total bloodflow from the heart per minute
Colloids
Large - molecular weight plasma proteins that provides oncotic pressure
comatose
in a sleeplike state. unresponsive to all stimuli including pain
CRI
constant rate of infusion ; slow continuous administration of a drug at a rate sufficient to acheive the desired effect
crystalloids
fluids that contain water and small molecular weight solutes (such as NaCl) and that pass freely through vascular endothelium
sighthounds are
sensitive to barbituates
boxers and giant breeds are
sensitive to acepromazine
terriers are
resistant to acepromazine
brachiocephalic dogs are
difficult to incubate
class P1 and P2
minimal anestheic risk , use standard anesthetic protocol
class p3 - p5
extreme risk, need special protocols and stabilization
what is the techicians role and responsibility as an anesthetic
- Prepare, operate, maintain the anesthetic equipment
- Administer anesthetic agents
- endotracheal intubation
- patient monitoring
In order to determine a patients physical status and anesthetic risk and to choose an appropriate anesthetic protocol, the technician and vet must obtain a min datebase which is obtained from what 3 critical sources
- pertinent info from patient history
- physical exam
- diagnostic tests
a ____ should always be performed immediately before an anesthetic procedure
physical exam
____ and ____ are more sensitive to opiods than dogs and ruminants
horses; cats
the use of anticholinergics should be avoided in ____ since they are prone to bloat
ruminants
bovines require ____ the dose of horses for xylazine
one tenth
____ are prone to respiratory depression and dependent atelectasis and thus often require ventilator support
large animals
sighthounds are sensitive to ____ due to lack of body fat and slow metabolism
barbiturates
fasting for horses
8-12 for food
0-2 water
cattle fasting requirements
24-48 food
8-12 water
small ruminats fasting
12-18 hrs food
8-12 water
list 4 reasons for catherization
- fluid administration
- rapid IV access in an emergency
- administration of vesicants
- sequential administration of incompatible drugs
Who is credited with suggesting the term anesthesia to describe the state of insensibility to painful stimuli?
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes suggested the adoption of the term anesthesia to describe the state of insensibility to pain. Dr. Morton was the first person to demonstrate the effects of diethyl ether in Boston in 1846. Thomas Locke is an author of this textbook. Harold Davis is one of the founding members of the AVTA and VTSs for all specialities.
A state in which a patient is aware or unaware of the surroundings but can be easily aroused by a noxious stimulant is referred to as:
sedation
The use of a premedication such as acepromazine along with anesthesia induction with propofol, maintenance of isoflurane, and bupivacaine placed near the sensory nerves would be an example of:
Balanced anesthesia
The use of injectable anesthetics as an alternative to inhalant agents in veterinary medicine began in the:
1930s
Which term literally means without feeling and is defined as a loss of sensation?
Anesthesia
The first anesthetic agent used successfully in a tumor removal surgery as a means of creating a state of insensibility and pain relief was:
diethyl ether
Which of the following is a drug-induced sleep from which it can be very difficult to rouse the patient?
Narcosis
An elevation in which of the following laboratory blood tests would alert the anesthetist to the possibility of a dehydrated patient and a concern for decreased blood volume, which could adversely affect cardiac output, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion?
dpacke cell volume
The plasma concentrations of which of the following solutes must be kept in a very narrow range in order to maintain normal muscle and heart functions?
K an Ca++
Patients that begin having profound hemorrhages during surgery require:
blood products.
Which finding on a physical examination could put a patient at increased risk of anesthetic complications including hypotension, poor tissue perfusion, and kidney damage?
dehydration
Which of the following species can have rougher recoveries from inhalant anesthetics than other species?
Horses
Which indicator of dehydration is the most accurate indicator of hydration?
Sudden loss of weight compared to serial weight monitoring of body weight
While obtaining a patient history, the technician asks a client “Does your pet drink a normal amount of water?” What type of question is this?
Question that can be answered with yes or no
Which of the following breeds of dog is more difficult to intubate and demands close supervision to ensure a patent airway before, during, and after any anesthetic procedure?
* Golden retriever
* English bulldog
* Beagle
* Greyhound
English bulldog
A complication of regurgitation in an anesthetized patient that is serious and can result in pneumonia, permanent disability or respiratory arrest, and death is:
pulmonary aspiration.
A geriatric dental patient showing minor dehydration would be classified as a physical status of:
PS 2
One of the key elements to a successful anesthetic procedure is:
communication between the veterinarian, the veterinary technician, and the client.
A constant state within the body created and maintained by normal physiologic processes is:
homeostasis
In which of the following species is it acceptable to estimate weight based on the measurement of the girth and length of the animal prior to administering anesthesia?
equine
