Ch. 1 Abnormal Psychology: Past & Present Flashcards
abnormal psychology
the scientific study of abnormal behavior in effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning
clinical scientist
gathers information systematically for abnorm psych to explain, describe, predict phenomena
clinical practitioner
person who detects, assesses and treats abnorm patterns of fcn
the four D’s of abnorm psych
deviance
distress
dysfunctional
dangerous
deviance
different, extreme, unusual
- mood congruent affect
distress
unpleasant and upsetting to person
dysfunctional
interferes w/ daily functioning
- upsets, distracts, or confuses people so they can’t care for themselves properly, participate in ordinary social interactions, or work productivity
dangerous
brings risk/harm to self or others
norms
stated or unstated rules for proper conduct
abnormal
behavior, thoughts, emotions that break norms of psychological functioning
- vary from society to society
culture
history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology and arts of a society
treatment
(therapy) a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior
trephination
operation w/ trephine (stone instrument)
- used to cut away circular section of skull
- ancient treatment
humor
bodily chemical that influence mental/physical functioning
- Hippocrates
tarantism
(Saint Vitus’ dance) groups of people dance, jump and go into convulsions
- convinced they’re bitten by tarantula
- cure by performing dance
- Middle Ages
lycanthropy
people thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals
- Middle Ages
asylum
institutions created to cure for people w/ mental illness
- popular during Renaissance
moral treatment
19th Cent. approach to treating people w/ mental dysfunction
- emphasis: moral guidance y humane respectful treatment
state hospital
state-run public mental US institutions
somatogenic perspective
view that abnormal psychology functioning that has physical cuases
(ie) nts imbalance - depression
psychogenic perspective
view that chief causes of abnormal functioning due to psychological causes
(ie) depression = situational
hypnotism
a procedure that places people in a trancelike mental state during which they become extremely suggestive
mesmerism
healing of pain, numbness or paralysis via hypnosis and touching ailment
psychoanalysis
a form of discussion in which clinician help troubled person gain insight into their unconscious psych process
outpatient therapy
treatment where patient interacts w/ therapist for given time and returns to daily activity
psychotropic medication
drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduces symptoms of mental dysfunctioning
antipsychotic drug
drug that corrects extremely confused and distorted thinking
antidepressant drug
drug that lifts mood of depressed people
antianxiety drug
drug that reduces tension and worry
deinstitutionalization
(1950s) releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals
- primary treatment = outpatient therapy
private psychotherapy
arrangement where individual pays direct counseling service to a psychotherapist
- expensive
- available only to wealthy who could afford
prevention
interventions aimed @ deterring mental disorders before they develop
- for people at risk
positive psychology
study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits and abilities
multicultural psychology
field of psychology that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender and similar factors on our behavior and thoughts
- includes abnormal behavior/thoughts
managed care program
system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope and cost of med/psych services
- dominant form of coverage
- therapists/clients no like, not enough time for best treatment
case study
detailed description of person’s life and psychology problems
- includes client history, present symptoms
correlation
degree to which events/characteristics vary with each intro
correlation method
a research procedure used to determine how much events/characteristics vary along with each other
positive correlation
variables change the same way
negative correlation
value of one variable increases as the other decreases
unrelated
variables do not affect one another
correlation coefficient
ranges from +1 to -1
- measures reliability
epidemiological study
a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population
incidence
number of new cases emerging in given time
prevalence
total number of cases in population during a specific time
- includes new and old cases
experiment
procedure where variable is manipulated and manipulation effect while another variable is observed
independent variable
manipulated variable
experimental variable
variable being observed
confound
variable, other than independent variable, that may also affect dependent variable
control group
a group of participants who are not exposed to independent variable but in similar everything else is the same
experimental group
group exposed to independent group
experimenter bias
experimenters unintentionally transmit desires/perceptions to participants
Rosenthal effect
treat placebo and experimental participants differently
quasi-experiment
(mixed designs) experiment in which control and experimental groups are real people (already exist)
(ie) study children w/ no history of child abuse + children w/ history of abuse
natural experiment
experiment in which nature manipulates independent variable
(ie) study aftereffects of earthquake on people
analogue experiment
experiment where abnormal behavior is created in lab
single-subject experimental design
method observing a single subject, measured before and after manipulation of independent variable
