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BUILDING TECH > CH. 1 > Flashcards

CH. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sustainable development

A

Building to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future not generation meeting their’s

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2
Q

Green building

A

Sustainable design and construction

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3
Q

Integrated design process (IDP)

A

A whole systems way of working that breaks down traditional boundaries between disciplines and parts of the work

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4
Q

Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED)

A

Most widely applied program for building sustainably especially in the United States

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5
Q

LEED prerequisites and credits

A

Mandatory points to contribute towards a buildings overall rating

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6
Q

4 levels of sustainable performance

A

Certified, silver, gold, and platinum

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7
Q

Living building challenge

A

Higher standard for a sustainable living. Making buildings that do no harm and improve a natural environment and our natural well-being

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8
Q

Seven categories “petals” for living building

A

place water Energy Health and happiness materials equity beauty

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9
Q

Some examples of imperatives

A

Net zero energy, appropriate materials sourcing, embodied carbon footprint, etc.

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10
Q

Three certification levels for living building challenge.

A

Living building certification– meets all imperatives appropriate to building type

Petal Certification - level of partial compliance.

Zero energy certification - projects that generate all energy on-site. no reliance on combustion processes.

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11
Q

Product data sheet (PDS)

A

Required Self reported information provided by the manufacturer.

For example– product description, material make up and physical properties, guidelines for use.

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12
Q

Environmental labels/eco-labels

A

Third-party environmental ratings. Voluntary.

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13
Q

Product disclosure

A

A form of reporting that provides transparent info about material ingredients and manufacturer practices

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14
Q

Volatile organic compounds (VOC)

A

Air polluting and unhealthful chemical compounds released in heavy concentrations from wet applied products as they dry.

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15
Q

Environmental product declarations (EPD)

A

Description of the full life cycle environmental impacts of building materials and products

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16
Q

Global warming potential (GWP)

A

Heat absorbed by any greenhouse gas in the atmosphere as a multiple of the heat absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Environmental building declarations (EBD)

A

Lifecycle analysis of whole building

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18
Q

ISO 14020

A

Guidelines for the development and use of environmental labels and declarations. Provide consistent and relevant information for designers and builders.

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19
Q

Lifecycle analysis (LCA)

A

The method for quantifying environmental impacts associated with materials and buildings. for example raw materials extraction– manufacture– construction and use– material disposal/new use.

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20
Q

Environmental footprint

A

The amounts of fossil fuel, electricity, water, and other materials consumed. also, the amount of solid waste, global warming gases, and other air pollutants generated

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21
Q

Embodied energy

A

The sum total of energy consumed during materials lifecycle

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22
Q

Cradle to gate analysis

A

Begins with materials extraction but extends only as far as when the material leaves the factory. Excludes the effects of transportation to the building site, installation, use, maintenance, disposal and recycling.

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23
Q

Embodied water

A

Freshwater consumed as a consequence of building with a particular material

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24
Q

Health product declaration (HPD)

A

Reliable and consistent information about material ingredients and associated human and environmental health hazards. They prepared by product manufacturer or independent agency

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25
Q

Recycled materials content

A

Helps to divert waste materials that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills or by incineration

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26
Q

Pre-consumer recycled material

A

Byproduct of manufacturing processes. For example gypsum board manufacturer recycling used newsprint into paper facing for new board.

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27
Q

When assessing recycled content in the LEED system

A

Pre-consumer material is counted at only half of the weight or the cost. Post consumer is counted out for value.

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28
Q

Bio-based materials

A

They are produced by agricultural or animal biological systems.

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29
Q

Rapidly renewable materials

A

Material that is grown and harvested in a short time span. 10 years or less per LEED standard.

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30
Q

Regionally/locally sourced material

A

Material that is produced near the construction site

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31
Q

Living building challenge read list

A

Identifies materials to be excluded from living buildings. for example the materials are polluting, bio accumulating, harmful to factory workers, construction workers, or building occupants.

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32
Q

Building commissioning (CX)

A

Process used to ensure that performance expectations are realized and finish the buildings

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33
Q

Drawings and Specifications

A

Drawings are graphic and specifications are written instructions on how the building will be made and of what. Collectively known as construction documents.

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34
Q

Zoning ordinance

A

Land use regulations that govern the activities that may take place on a given piece of land.

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35
Q

Building codes

A

Local governments way of regulating building activity. They protect the public health and safety by setting minimum standards for construction quality, structural integrity, durability, livability, and fire safety.

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36
Q

Model code

A

Standardized codes that local jurisdictions adopt for their own use as a simpler alternative to writing their own.

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37
Q

International building code (IBC)

A

Predominant building model in the United States at state, county, and municipal levels. All buildings not covered by IRC.

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38
Q

Building code construction type

A

Type 1 construction - Number one, fire resistant, non-combustible material.
Type 2, 3, 4 - levels of fire resistance falling between the two extremes.
Type 5 construction - combustible, light wood framing, least fire resistance.

39
Q

Fire resistance ratings

A

The duration, measured in hours, for which a fire protection system can withstand a fight.

40
Q

Bearing walls

A

Carry floors or roofs above

41
Q

Non-bearing walls and partitions

A

Carry no loads from above

42
Q

Means of egress

A

Exiting during an emergency

43
Q

Americans with disabilities act (ADA)

A

Equal access to facilities for persons with disabilities.

44
Q

Fair housing act

A

Equal access to homes for persons with disabilities

45
Q

Equal access standards

A

Regulate the design of the entrances, the stairs, doorways, elevators, bathrooms, etc. so all people including those with disabilities have equal access to facilities and homes.

46
Q

International residential code (IRC)

A

Model code addressing construction of detached one and two family homes plus town houses of limited size. 3 stories max.

47
Q

U.S. occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

A

Controls design of work places to minimize health and safety hazards to workers.

48
Q

Building insurance industry

A

Incentives to build in ways that limit property damage

49
Q

Construction standards

A

Define good practice, and sure minimum quality, encourage standardization and efficiency.

50
Q

ASTM international

A

Materials and methods standards

51
Q

Canadian standards association (CSA)

A

Corresponding standards followed in Canada

52
Q

International organization for standardization (ISO)

A

Execute the same construction standard rolls but internationally. Consists of more than 160 members.

53
Q

American national standards Institute (ANSI)

A

Wide variety of products and systems standards. For example, exterior windows and mechanical components

54
Q

National Institute of science and technology (NIST)

A

Government funded organization that sponsors research and establish his standards for building products and systems.

55
Q

AIA

A

American Institute of architects

56
Q

CSI

A

Construction Specifications Institue

57
Q

AISC

A

American Institute of steel construction

58
Q

Construction specifications Institute (CSI)

A

Architects, engineers, and industry members that develop technical standards and disseminate information related to their respective fields of interest

59
Q

Construction specifications of Canada (CSC)

A

Canadian equivalent of CSI.

60
Q

Trade associations

A

Founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. publish technical data relating to their field of interest– indispensable references for the architect or engineer.

61
Q

Uniformat

A

Classification of building elements by functional groups. for example structure, shell, interiors, services.

62
Q

Masterformat

A

Numbering system for organizing construction materials and systems. Developed by CSI and CSC. 50 major divisions.

63
Q

Specification divisions

A

Cover the broadest range of construction materials and building systems.

64
Q

Specification sections

A

Defines the work of individual trades or suppliers more specifically.

65
Q

Why do information standards matter?

A

Because of increasing digital modeling, complexity of information, sharing data between disciplines, and extending data usage beyond construction phase.

66
Q

Design/bid/build. Advantage and disadvantage?

A

Owner hires separate design and construction teams.
Advantage - separate entities provide checks and balances.
Disadvantage - difficult to integrate difficult construction expertise into design.

67
Q

Design/build. Advantage and disadvantage?

A

Owner hires one entity that provides design and construction.
Advantage - coordination between A/E and GC.
Disadvantage - lack of independent advocate for design, fewer checks and balances.

68
Q

General contractor (GC)

A

Coordinates and overseas construction process

69
Q

Subcontractor

A

More specialized. Performs significant portion’s or even all the work.

70
Q

Construction manager (CM). Advantage and disadvantage?

A

Hired by owner to oversee design and construction.
Advantage - provides construction expertise to owner throughout the project
Disadvantage - expensive

71
Q

Turn key construction

A

Single entity provides financing as well as construction services.

72
Q

Single purpose entity

A

Owner, design, and construction combined into one legal entity

73
Q

Fixed fee/lump sum

A

Owner pays agreed fixed amount for work. GC assumes most risk or reward for unplanned cost or savings. Best suited for projects where scope of work is well defined before construction.

74
Q

Cost + a fee

A

Owner pays GC direct cost plus the fee. Owner assumes most risk/savings. Best suited for projects where scope of work is not fully to find one constructions start. Adding guaranteed max price (GMAX) limits max cost and shifts some cost risk back to contractor.

75
Q

Incentive provision

A

Financially rewarding contractor for timely completion of cost savings.

76
Q

Surety bonds

A

Protects against contractor default.

77
Q

Performance bonds

A

Assures completion of the construction.

78
Q

Payment bond

A

Assures full payment to suppliers and subcontractors

79
Q

Sequential construction

A

Each major phase begins only after proceeding phase is complete. Simple to manage - typically found in a design/bid/build delivery method.

80
Q

Phased construction/fast track

A

Design and construction overlap. Requires closer coordination between design and construction. typically found in a design/build + CM delivery method.

81
Q

Gantt chart

A

Project tasks or phases on a horizontal timeline

82
Q

Critical path method (CPM)

A

Analyzes task dependencies

83
Q

Critical path

A

Sequence of tasks that determines least amount of time in which a project can be completed

84
Q

Float

A

Systems not on the critical path that have more flexibility in their schedule. Delays within limits in their execution will not affect the project schedule

85
Q

Schedule class

A

Degree of project definition in a schedule

86
Q

Schedule level

A

Defines amount of detail provided within the construction schedule

87
Q

Rolling schedule/look ahead

A

Describes day to day process is extending limited number of weeks or months

88
Q

Integrated project delivery (IPD)

A

Collaborative project delivery. Design team, construction team, and older group share responsibility, decision making, Financial risk and rewards.

89
Q

Lean construction

A

reduces complexity, eliminates wasteful activities, structures material supply and methods of production to achieve the quickest and most reliable workflow.

90
Q

Vertical integration of construction services

A

integration of services that contribute to bringing buildings to market including architecture and engineering design, material supply chain, manufacturing, prefabrication, and building construction. help streamline processes, Application of new technologies, cost savings, eliminates waste, and controls building quality

91
Q

Building information modeling (BIM)

A

3-D and intelligent. components are linked to data describing intrinsic properties and relationship to other components. represented geometrically and spatially, Objective base, parametric, aids design team in effective communication of design concepts or exploration of complex building geometries

92
Q

Clash detection

A

Spatial conflicts between mechanical system ductwork, structural framing and other system is designed to buy separate teams. Improves coordination between disciplines

93
Q

Computer aided drafting (CAD)

A

2D representation of building systems

94
Q

BIM execution plan

A

Defines role of building model and level of development at various stages, identifies sources of data that will contribute to the model, assigns responsibilities for authoring and managing the model, establishes protocols for information exchange among parties, and defines technical and project infrastructure required to support the activities

BUILDING TECH (3 decks)

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