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Clinical Mental Health Diagnosis > Ch 1-7 Decision Trees-Differential Diagnosis-Comorbidity-Hierarchy of Diagnosis > Flashcards

Ch 1-7 Decision Trees-Differential Diagnosis-Comorbidity-Hierarchy of Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as
1) a significant disturbance(s) in cognition or behavior.
2) These disturbances are manifested by distress or disability in various areas of a person’s life
3) These disturbances are not a normal part of a specific culture
Typically, the disturbances are not related to political, sexual, or religious behaviors

A

Mental Disorder

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2
Q

This process is known as
1. Gather data
2. Identify potential diagnoses
3. Sift through differential diagnoses
4. Select the provisional diagnosis
5. Identify comorbidities/hierarchy
6. Case formulation (consultation and collaboration can be helpful)
7. Reevaluate with new data

A

Diagnostic Process

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3
Q

T/F
family history is not important in the diagnosis process

A

F

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4
Q

T/F A sign is more subjective than a symptom.

A

F

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5
Q

T/F
Signs and symptoms are the same

A

F

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6
Q

Signs are observations made by
a. the client
b. family
c. clinician

A

C. Clinician

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7
Q

T/F
Signs and symptoms are not synonymous, but not necessarily exclusive either.

A

T

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8
Q

Signs are observed by the____. Symptoms are reported by the_____.

A

clinician
client

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9
Q

Examples of signs include:

A

weeping, sighing, weight loss, tattered clothing, poor hygiene, posture, fidgeting, appearance of eyes

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10
Q

Consideration of syndromes includes which three factors?

A

signs, symptoms, and events (circumstances)

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11
Q

The DSM follows a medical model or wellness model?

A

Medical

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12
Q

“Things running or occurring together” refers to

A

syndrome

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13
Q

____ is the dominant conception of mental disorder rather than disease

A

syndrome

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14
Q

____ is described as a group of signs and symptoms that are known to go together but don’t have a clear cause, course, or treatment path.

A

syndrome

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15
Q

A group of symptoms that disrupt normal functions in the body or cause significant impairment

A

Disorder/ Disease

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16
Q

Which of the following is not true
a. Signs are more significant than symptoms.
b. Disorders inform syndromes.
c. Syndromes are comprised of signs, symptoms, and events.

A

B. *syndromes inform potential disorders

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17
Q

T/F
All syndromes equate to a diagnosable disorder.

A

F

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18
Q

T/F
A diagnosis of a disorder is always required.

A

F

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19
Q

The following are features of a sign, symptom, disorder, or syndrome?
Rapidity of onset
Age at onset
Antecedents
History of previous episodes
Duration of current episode
Intensity of episode
Extend of disruption to life

A

Syndrome

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20
Q

Consideration of alternative diagnoses from the start to slim down possible diagnoses by rejecting the wrong ones

A

Differential Diagnosis

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21
Q

Tool used to systematically sift through possible diagnoses

A

Decision Tree

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22
Q

Diagnosis based on the data gathered at that time

A

Provisional Diagnosis

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23
Q

T/F
Clinicians should rely on their initial instinct when forming a diagnosis?

A

F

24
Q

This measure may aid in a comprehensive mental status exam by drawing attention to symptoms that are important across diagnoses.

A

Cross-cutting symptom measure

25
Q

T/F
Developing a Safety Hierarchy should start with the most severe/ disruptive symptoms

A

T (per Grierson)

26
Q

Prioritizes and organizes the differential diagnosis list.

A

Safety Hierarchy

27
Q

T/F
Differential Diagnosis list should include ANY potential diagnosis, even if its not likely

A

T

28
Q

T/F
Use of substances and medications don’t cause symptoms of mental disorders.

A

F

29
Q

T/F
Physical disorders and their treatments can produce or worsen mental symptoms.

A

T

30
Q

T/F
Even after a decision is made, counselors do not need to consider any new information.

A

F

31
Q

The (medical or wellness) model follows the following map
Assess (gather data) > Diagnose a Syndrome > Treat (empirically supported treatments

A

Medical

32
Q

All are components in the framework of conceptualizing diagnosis except:
a) Normality, Abnormal Psychology; Pathology
b) Mental Health Conditions/ Diagnosis
c) Advantages/ Disadvantages
Wellness v. Medical Model
d) Continuum (spectrum) approach

A

A) abnormal/ normal are pathologizing terms- not recommended, especially in the wellness model

33
Q

Which of the following questions are important in the consideration of a mental disorder?
a) Are these symptoms normal or abnormal?
b) Do these symptoms inform a clinical diagnosis according to the DSM-5-TR?

A

b.

34
Q

T/F
A patient’s history often (but not always) provides better guidance for a diagnosis than does the cross-sectional appearance (MSE)

A

T - history typically informs the future

35
Q

T/F
A patient’s early history is (always) more informative than recent history?

A

F (not typically)

36
Q

T/F
Signs are more significant that symptoms

A

T (typically)

37
Q

T/F
It is recommended to develop a diagnosis when the client is showing strong signs of stress or distress.

A

F

38
Q

T/F
Family history is not important in formulation of a diagnosis.

A

F

39
Q

Concept: If something has 2 possible explanations, you should choose the simpler one because it “shaves away” unnecessary concepts”

A

Occam’s Razor (Prefer the diagnosis that provides the simplest explanation for your data)

40
Q

Concept: prefer the more frequently encountered diagnosis, but don’t discount less common options

A

Horses and Zebras: Horses are more common than zebras;

41
Q

T/F
Using the Zebras and Horses concept, a counselor should remember that the “common” disorders will be dependent on the environment where you work

A

T

42
Q

Involves the intentional production or display of false or exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms for a specific benefit or reward. (reporting of false symptoms for gain)

A

malingering

43
Q

Key red flags in diagnosis process include…

A

Incongruence in symptoms and signs
Memory loss as a reported symptom
Asking for medication
Use of extreme language to describe symptoms
Absence of typical symptoms
Unusual (exceptionally rare or not typical)
Criminal behavior in hospitalized patient
Repeated unsuccessful suicide attempts
Poor cooperation
Hospitalizations in many locations
Normally adequate treatment that doesn’t help

44
Q

T/F
Always trust what the client reports.

A

F

45
Q

T/F Clients who are untruthful are not necessarily being malicious in intent

A

T

46
Q

When uncertain based on the data collected directly from the client, look for _____ information from others.

A

collateral

47
Q

T/F
Established criteria for a disorder does not cover every possible manifestation of a mental disease

A

T

48
Q

T/F
DSM criteria includes all possible manifestations of a disorder.

A

F

49
Q

T/F
In the diagnosis process, it is helpful to compare your client to your own experience or that of others you know.

A

F

50
Q

T/F
more symptoms of a disorder increases the likelihood of your diagnosis

A

T

51
Q

T/F
When clients present typical and atypical features of a disorder, it is ok to ignore the atypical features.

A

F

52
Q

In considering diagnosis, it is safe to say that if the client had a typical response to treatment for the diagnosis, it is a good indicator that the diagnosis is correct.

A

T

53
Q

Use this term when you cannot be sure of a diagnosis.

A

Undiagnosed

54
Q

T/F
Undiagnosed and unspecified have the same meaning.

A

F

55
Q

Un______is safer than un______because it encourages further exploration rather than a conclusion.

A

Undiagnosed/ Unspecified

56
Q

The following are reasons we may not make a diagnosis, except:
-Absence or lack of traditional symptoms
-Presence of too many symptoms, promoting confusion
-Some features are unusual; atypical
-There is insufficient data
-The client asked the clinician not to provide a diagnosis
-Patient has an illness that has not yet been identified/ categorized (unlikely)
-Some emotional or behavioral characteristic may not lend themselves to being counted and lumped into categories; dimensional criteria is needed instead
-A diagnosis is not required/ appropriate

A

-The client asked the clinician not to provide a diagnosis

Clinical Mental Health Diagnosis (6 decks)

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