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PSY 101 intro to psych > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

founder of American psychology William Jones

A

William Jones

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2
Q

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

A

psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

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3
Q

levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

A

psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

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4
Q

like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis

levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

A

levels of analysis

levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

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5
Q

biological factors. what do psychologists believe is critical in understanding the causes of behavior?

like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis

levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

A

what do psychologists believe is critical in understanding the causes of behavior?

like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis

levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple

as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology

founder of American psychology William Jones

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6
Q

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

A

challenges for psychology

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7
Q

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

A

multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

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8
Q

variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

A

individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

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9
Q

we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism

variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

A

reciprocal determinism

variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

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10
Q

can lead to believe something different why cant we always trust our common sense?

we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism

variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

A

why cant we always trust our common sense?

we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism

variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences

behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined

multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology

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11
Q

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

why do we trust our common sense

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12
Q

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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13
Q

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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14
Q

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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15
Q

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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16
Q

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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17
Q

educated guess hypothesis

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

hypothesis

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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18
Q

tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them; seek and you shall find confirmation bias

educated guess hypothesis

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

A

confirmation bias

educated guess hypothesis

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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19
Q

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

belief perseverance

tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them; seek and you shall find confirmation bias

educated guess hypothesis

generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?

generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory

the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism

belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism

we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense

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20
Q

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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21
Q

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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22
Q

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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23
Q

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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24
Q

an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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25
Q

the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity

an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

patternicity

an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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26
Q

proposes that our awareness of our death leaves us with an underlying sense of terror with which we cope by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews terror management theory

the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity

an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

A

terror management theory

the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity

an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?

set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience

assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance

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27
Q

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

logical fallacies

28
Q

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

29
Q

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

30
Q

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

31
Q

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

32
Q

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

33
Q

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

34
Q

approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

35
Q

keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t

approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t

approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

36
Q

set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open minded and careful fashion critical thinking

keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t

approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

A

critical thinking

keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t

approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism

wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?

most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot

error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy

error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy

uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy

emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims

traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies

37
Q

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

6 scientific thinking principles

38
Q

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

39
Q

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

40
Q

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

41
Q

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

42
Q

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

43
Q

when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

44
Q

fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect

when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

decline effect

when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

45
Q

if two explanations account equally well for a phenomenon, we should generally select the more simple one Occam’s razor

fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect

when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

A

Occam’s razor

fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect

when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability

capable of being disproved falsifiable

remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation

when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses

anything that can vary variable

error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy

rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles

46
Q

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

Wilhelm Wundt

47
Q

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

48
Q

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

49
Q

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

50
Q

founded structuralism Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

51
Q

introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct

founded structuralism Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct

founded structuralism Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

52
Q

aimed at understanding the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics; asks the why functionalism

introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct

founded structuralism Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

A

functionalism

introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct

founded structuralism Ed Titchener

school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought

method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection

developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt

53
Q

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

Will James

54
Q

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

55
Q

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

56
Q

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

57
Q

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

58
Q

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

59
Q

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

60
Q

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

61
Q

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

62
Q

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

evo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

63
Q

what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

64
Q

research that looks at how the mind works basic research

what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

basic research

what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

65
Q

research that looks at how we can use basic research to solve real world probs applied research

research that looks at how the mind works basic research

what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

A

applied research

research that looks at how the mind works basic research

what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate

discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych

focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis

founder of psychoanalysis freud

new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience

proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych

focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism

founder of behaviorism John Watson

principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection

functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection

founder of functionalism. Will James

PSY 101 intro to psych (3 decks)

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