Ch 1 Flashcards
founder of American psychology William Jones
William Jones
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis
levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
levels of analysis
levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
biological factors. what do psychologists believe is critical in understanding the causes of behavior?
like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis
levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
what do psychologists believe is critical in understanding the causes of behavior?
like a ladder, lower levels tied to biological influences or the brain and higher levels tied to social influences or the mind. levels of analysis
levels of analysis psychology is a discipline that spans multiple
as the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior psychology
founder of American psychology William Jones
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
challenges for psychology
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
reciprocal determinism
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
can lead to believe something different why cant we always trust our common sense?
we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
why cant we always trust our common sense?
we mutually influence each other’s behavior reciprocal determinism
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior. individual differences
behavior can be caused by many factors multiply determined
multiply determined, psychological influences aren’t independent, individual differences, reciprocal determinism, cultural influences challenges for psychology
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
why do we trust our common sense
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
educated guess hypothesis
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
hypothesis
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them; seek and you shall find confirmation bias
educated guess hypothesis
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
confirmation bias
educated guess hypothesis
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
belief perseverance
tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them; seek and you shall find confirmation bias
educated guess hypothesis
generate predictions that can be tested. for a theory to be scientific, what must it do?
generate predictions what does a good scientific theory do?
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world scientific theory
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired thru observation empiricism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is naïve realism
we’re prone to naïve realism why do we trust our common sense
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity
an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
patternicity
an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
proposes that our awareness of our death leaves us with an underlying sense of terror with which we cope by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews terror management theory
the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity
an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
terror management theory
the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli v patternicity
an escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypothesis, lack of self correction, overreliance on anecdotes warning signs for pseudoscience
safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance that characterize science what does pseudoscience lack in?
set of claims that seems scientific but isn’t pseudoscience
assertions about the world that’s not testable b. metaphysical claim
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them belief perseverance
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
logical fallacies
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t
approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t
approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open minded and careful fashion critical thinking
keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t
approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
critical thinking
keep an open mind, and willing to accept after successful tests. Carl Sagan says to be a scientific skeptic, we should adopt 2 attitudes that may be contradictory but aren’t
approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting scientific skepticism
wasting time and money, giving up correct resources, causes harm i.e. rebirth therapy dangers in pseudoscience?
most people are unaware of their biases but are aware of them in others. bias blind spot
error of believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking that afflict other people- “I wouldn’t think that!” not me fallacy
error of assuming that a claim is correct because many believe it- “If they believe… then I too!” bandwagon fallacy
uses emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim- “I refuse to believe…” emotional reasoning fallacy
emotional reasoning, bandwagon, not me 3 logical fallacies for evaluating psychological claims
traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions logical fallacies
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
6 scientific thinking principles
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect
when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
decline effect
when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
if two explanations account equally well for a phenomenon, we should generally select the more simple one Occam’s razor
fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect
when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
Occam’s razor
fact that the sixe of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time decline effect
when a study’s findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators replicability
capable of being disproved falsifiable
remember that a correlation between two things doesn’t demonstrate a causal connection between them. correlation isn’t causation
when we evaluate a psychological claim we should ask if we’ve excluded other plausible explanations. ruling out rival hypotheses
anything that can vary variable
error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other correlation causation fallacy
rule out rival hypotheses, correlation isn’t causation, falsifiability, replicability, extraordinary claims, Occam’s razor 6 scientific thinking principles
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
founded structuralism Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct
founded structuralism Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct
founded structuralism Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
aimed at understanding the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics; asks the why functionalism
introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct
founded structuralism Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
functionalism
introspectionists disagreed on subjective reports; Oswald Kulpe showed that participants engaged in imageless thought 2 problems that caused structuralism to extinct
founded structuralism Ed Titchener
school of psych that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience; asked the what structuralism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and psychoanalysis. 5 major theoretical perspectives that shaped contemporary psychological thought
method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences v. introspection
developed the first full fledged psych lab in Germany. Wilhelm Wundt
founder of functionalism. Will James
Will James
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
evo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
research that looks at how the mind works basic research
what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
basic research
what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
research that looks at how we can use basic research to solve real world probs applied research
research that looks at how the mind works basic research
what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
applied research
research that looks at how the mind works basic research
what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside our control? free will determinism debate
discipline that applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior Bevo psych
focuses on internal psychological processes which we’re unaware of; goal is to decode Freudian slips psychoanalysis
founder of psychoanalysis freud
new field in psych that looks at the relation between brain functioning and thinking cog neuroscience
proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior; not rewards and punishments but by insight b. cog psych
focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior; rewards and punishments behaviorism
founder of behaviorism John Watson
principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other organisms. natural selection
functionalists was inspired by who? Darwin’s natural selection
founder of functionalism. Will James
