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Biology 111 > Ch 1-5 > Flashcards

Ch 1-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

The 4 kingdoms:

A

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Protists

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2
Q

Kingdom Plantae:

A

Plants, which produce their own food by photosynthesis.

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3
Q

Kingdom Fungi:

A

Absorb nutrients from outside their bodies.

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4
Q

Kingdom Animalia:

A

Ingest their organisms.

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5
Q

Protists:

A
  • Mostly unicellular eukaryotes, and simple unicellular.
  • Scientists debating how to classify.
  • Recent trend is to split protists into several kingdoms.
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6
Q

4 main water properties:

A

1) Cohesive and adhesive behavior
2) Ability to moderate temperature
3) Expansion upon freezing
4) Versatility as a solvent

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7
Q

Hydroxyl group:

A

-OH

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8
Q

Carbonyl group:

A

\
C=O
/

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9
Q

Carboxyl group:

A

-COOH

|
-C=O
|
OH

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10
Q

Amino group:

A

-NH2

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11
Q

Sulfhydryl group:

A

-SH

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12
Q

Phosphate group:

A

-OPO3

      O
      ||
-O-P-O-
       |
      O-
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13
Q

Methyl group:

A

-CH3

 H
  |
-C-H
  |
 H
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14
Q

96% of living matter is made of what 4 elements?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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15
Q

The 3 domains of life:

A 
Domain Bacteria (prokaryote)
Domain Archaea (prokaryote)
Domain Eukarya (eukaryote)
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16
Q

List all of the levels of biological organization from most inclusive to least inclusive:

A 
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Organ Systems
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms
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17
Q

Biosphere:

A

The Earth and everything on it.

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18
Q

Ecosystem:

A

Living and nonliving interacting in an area.

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19
Q

Community:

A

All living and interacting in an area.

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20
Q

Population:

A

One species interacting in an area.

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21
Q

Organism:

A

One individual.

22
Q

Organ Systems:

A

2 or more organs working toward a common function.

23
Q

Organ:

A

Groups of tissue working towards a common function.

24
Q

Tissue:

A

Groups of cells working toward a common function.

25
Q

Cell:

A

The most basic unit of structure and function that is living.

26
Q

Organelles:

A

Individual functioning units of a cell.

27
Q

Molecules:

A

2 or more atoms.

28
Q

Atoms:

A

The basic unit of matter.

-Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

29
Q

Types of Macromolecules:

A

Carbohydrates (saccharides)

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Lipids

30
Q

Monomer of carbohydrates:

A

Monosaccharides “one sugar”

  • Fructose
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
31
Q

Dimer of carbohydrates:

A

Disaccharides “two sugars”

  • maltose
  • lactose
  • sucrose
32
Q

Polymers of carbohydrates:

A

Polysaccharides

  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
33
Q

Function of starch:

A

Short term energy storage in plants.

34
Q

Function of cellulose:

A

Plant structure

35
Q

Function of glycogen:

A

Short term energy storage in animals (liver and muscles).

36
Q

Function of Chitin:

A

Exoskeleton of arthropods (sutures).

37
Q

Monomer of proteins:

A

Amino Acid (peptides)

38
Q

Dimer of proteins:

A

Dipeptides

-peptide bonds

39
Q

Polymers of proteins:

A

1st (primary)
-peptide bonds

2nd (secondary)
-coiled and pleated- H+ bonds

3rd (tertiary)
-disulfide bridges

4th (quaternary)

40
Q

Functions of proteins:

A 
Structure
Hormones
Immunities
Transport
Receptors
Enzymes
Contractile/motor
Storage
41
Q

Monomers of Nucleic Acids:

A

DNA:

  • Adenine
  • Thyamine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine

RNA:
All except Thyamine, instead there is Uracil

42
Q

Polymers of Nucleic Acids:

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

ATP

43
Q

Function of DNA:

A

Instructions

44
Q

Function of RNA:

A

“Carrier” of instructions.

45
Q

Function of ATP:

A

Energy storage molecule.

46
Q

Types of Lipids:

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Waxes

47
Q

Triglycerides:

A

Saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids

Function: long term energy storage, insulation, and cushion.

48
Q

Phospholipids:

A

Function: cell membrane

O

49
Q

Steroids:

A

Cholesterol
-Fxn: base molecule, and in cell membrane

Testosterone-fxn:hormones
Estrogen-fxn: hormones

50
Q

Waxes:

A

Function: protectors

Ex: ear wax, beeswax

Biology 111 (3 decks)

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