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Bio 100 > CH-1-4 > Flashcards

CH-1-4 Flashcards

TO GET AN A On this bio test!

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is life?

A

How we fit into the big picture

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2
Q

What are the nine charatertics of life?

A

Order, Metabolism, movement or motility, responsivness, cold, reproduction, growth and development, inhertiance of traits, adaptation, and evoloution.

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3
Q

Only maintained by using energy. Maintained by an arrangment of structure units and activties.

A

Order

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4
Q

Total of chemical processes or reactions in living organisms. Sum off all life’s processes

A

Metabolism

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5
Q

Move themselves, to move parts of their body

A

Movement or motility

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6
Q

Example of Movement or motility in animals

A

birds fly, plants open the flowers

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7
Q

The ability of organisms to precede and react to their enviroments

A

Responsivness

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8
Q

Example of responsivness in animals

A

Humans percieve weather put on coat, Birds fly low when you perchieve storms, and animals get winter coat/lose winter coat.

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9
Q

Process that gives rise to offspring, allows life to continue

A

Reproduction

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10
Q

Two types of reproduction

A

Sexual, asexual

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11
Q

Describe asexual reproduction

A

one parent, identical gene information, bacteria, plants

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12
Q

Describe sexual reproduction

A

two parents, half of genes

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13
Q

Why is a sleep clone not really cloning?

A

the cell has been changes, it can be reverted back to the orginial cell.

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14
Q

Ordered sequence of progressive changes that result in increased size and complexity

A

Growth and Development

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15
Q

Heriety, Inherit genes from parents

A

Inheritance of traits

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16
Q

Overtime, something happens (physical traits, changes in body) They can surive.

A

Adaptation

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17
Q

Aquires new ways to surive Passed on through the generations, they can aquire traits over time and it becomes the norm.

A

Evoloution

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18
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Over the course of evolution nature selects the stronger species to reproduce and surive.

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19
Q

What is maninduced artificial selection?

A

We intefere with nature. Examples: shaving wool on sheep, breeding dogs.

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20
Q

What is how to organize organisms

A

Classification system

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21
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A

Monera, Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals

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22
Q

What is divided to make the 6th kingdom?

A

Monera

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23
Q

What are the two divisons of monera, to the make the 6 kingdoms

A

Archae bacteria, Eubacteria

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24
Q

Name of the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. Make an obersavation, 2. Ask a question. 3. Make an educated guess or hyopthesis. 4. Design an experiment with a control. 5. Gather your data (what is it telling you)
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25
Q

What do you do if your hypothesis is wrong

A

Redesgin the experiment

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26
Q

What do you do if your hypothesis is right?

A

Share your information

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27
Q

What occupies space, and is everywhere

A

Matter

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28
Q

Study of structure and behavior of atoms and molecules

A

Chemistry

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29
Q

Can not be broken down further

A

Element

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30
Q

6 elements that make up living organisms (SPONCH)

A

Sulfur,phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen.

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31
Q

Name three types of bonds

A

Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen

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32
Q

2 or more atoms bonded together (held by chemical bonds) Resulted by electrons

A

Molecule

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33
Q

Causes chemical reactions to happen

A

Electrons

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34
Q

Strongest, share electrons energy of two atoms.

A

Covalent Bond

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35
Q

What results from a covalent bond?

A

Water molecule

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36
Q

Weakest bond, most important in nature

A

Hydrogen Bond

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37
Q

What results from a hydrogen bond

A

Water

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38
Q

Cystalized structure, two atoms oppositely charged

A

Ionic bond

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39
Q

What results from an ionic bond?

A

Table salt

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40
Q

What is important to life?

A

Water

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41
Q

What are 4 reasons why water is important?

A
  1. Water makes up a bulk organisms
  2. Water acts as nature’s cooling system
  3. Universal Solvent
  4. Because of water and photosynthesis we have oxygen in our air.
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42
Q

Why is water the universal solvent

A

any substance can dissolve into it

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43
Q

What is solute?

A

substance dissolved (sugar, salt)

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44
Q

Three electronic properties of water

A
  1. Cohesion. 2. Adhesion, 3. Capiliarity
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45
Q

Physical Property of water

A

Surface tenison

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46
Q

Tendecy of like molecules to cling together

A

Cohesion

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47
Q

What does photsynthesis do?

A

breaks down water molecules releases oxygen into atomosphere.

48
Q

Tendency of unlike molecules to cling together

A

Adhesion

49
Q

Cohesion+ Adhesion tendency of a liquid substance to move upwards agaisnt the pull of gravity.

A

Capililarity
ex: going up a tree
Starws

50
Q

Items can float on top of water, tendency of molecules at the surface of water to cohere to each other and not the air. (why water stays on the ground)

A

Surface tenison

51
Q

Definition of hydrophyllic

A

Dissolves in water, loves water

52
Q

Definition of hydrophobic

A

Not dissolve in water, floats EX: oil.

53
Q

What is P.H made up of?

A

Blood and water

54
Q

Lower number P.H…

A

More Acidic

55
Q

Higher P.H…

A

More base

56
Q

How do you adjust the PH

A

Buffer

57
Q

Most important element in organic chemistry

A

Carbon

58
Q

4 Classes of Biological Molecules (Big Mac)

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids, fats, waxes etc.
  3. Protein
  4. Nuclecic Acids (DNA, RNA)
59
Q

What does RNA do?

A

body needs for prteins

60
Q

What does DNA?

A

Blueprints of life and directions for the cell.

61
Q

What defines the cell, molecules?

A

Functional groups

62
Q

Hydrated carbons, most abundant carbon compounds.

A

Carbohydrates

63
Q

3 types of carbohydrates

A
  1. Monosacchrides. 2. Disaccharides. 3. Polysaccharides
64
Q

2 types of polysaccharides

A
  1. Structural. 2. Energy
65
Q

Simple sugars

Ex: Glucose, frutose, and ribose

A

Monosaccharides

66
Q

What is the universal celluar energy

A

glucose

67
Q

Fruit sugars

A

frutose

68
Q

sugar in nuclecic acids

A

Ribose

69
Q

Two types of simple sugars

Glucose + frutose= sucrose, maltose (grains) and latose.

A

Disaccharides

70
Q

All energy molecules are broken down to…

A

attain energy

71
Q

100’s, thosands of simple sugars banded together

A

Polysaccharides

72
Q

Examples Structural polysaccharides

A

chitin- exoskeltons of insects

Cellouse-plants- plant fiber

73
Q

Example of energy polysaccharides

A

Starch-plant roots

Glycogen- excess glucose stored in muscles

74
Q

What fat is solid at room temp?

A

Saturated Fat

75
Q

What fat is liquid at room temperature?

A

Unsatured fat

76
Q

Name waters three physical property

A

water vapor- gas
water- liquid
ice- solid

77
Q

Why is unsaturated fat liquid and saturated solid?

A

Saturated fat is surrounded by hydrogen, unsaturated fat.

78
Q

What are the building blocks of higher organisms and the smallest units of life?

A

Cells

79
Q

What are examples of single celled oragnisms

A

Bacteria

80
Q

What does a cell’s specilization depend on?

A

depends on shape, size and organelles it contains

81
Q

What are inside cell and performs specific duties?

A

organelles

82
Q

Who was the first person to look at cells

A

Robert Hooke

83
Q

How many componets do all cells share?

A

3

84
Q

What componets do all cells shares

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Central Nuclear Region
  3. All cells have cytoplasm
85
Q

True or False all cells have nucleous

A

False

86
Q

Fluid that organelles sit in.

A

Cytoplasm

87
Q

What is cells critical demenision

A

Surface- area- to volume ratio

88
Q

Why is surface-area-to volume ratio important?

A

Cells have to form duties, evolved microbila increased cell without reducing effecency.

89
Q

State the modern cell theroy

A
  1. All living things are made up of 1 more cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of life within organisms and where chemical reactions take place.
  3. All cells arrise from pre exisisting cells
90
Q

What are the two basic cell types

A
  1. Prokaryotic

2. Eukaryotic

91
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Pro- no membrane bound nucleus or organelles. Ex: Bacteria

EU- Do have membranes bound nucleus or organelles. EX- Protis, Fungi, Plants and animals.

92
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits from the cell

93
Q

True or False in the plasma membrane is semipermeable.

A

True

94
Q

When the plasma membrane shifts around where the fluid is at

A

Fluid mosacic

95
Q

What is indocytosis

A

when the plasma forms around what it needs

96
Q

What is exocytosis

A

gets what rid of what it does not need.

97
Q

What produces cell division

A

Centrills

98
Q

What is the control center of cell. Houses all gentic information

A

Nucleous

99
Q

Where is the DNA located

A

Nuclear membrane

100
Q

What is the power house of the cell, provides cellur energy and ATP

A

Mitochondra

101
Q

Involved in protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

102
Q

Two types of ER

A

Rough, Smooth

103
Q

Why is rough er considered rough?

A

Ribsomes around it

104
Q

Why are there two sides in the plasma membrane?

A

Heads are hydrophylic, tails are hydrophobic need head so it does not dissolve in water

105
Q

What allows molecules in and out of the cell.

A

protein channels

106
Q

What is the function of smooth ER

A

Detox, get rid of the substances, production center.

107
Q

What part of the cell packages things

A

Golgi Apparatus

108
Q

What holds liquid substances

A

Vaculoles

109
Q

Digestive eneyzmes, reuse cell parts gets rid of damaged parts of the cell.

A

Lysosome

110
Q

True or False cells communicate with each other

A

True

111
Q

In plant cells that commuincate with each other

A

Plasmodesmada

112
Q

Plasma membrane forms structures for movement

A

Flagella

113
Q

All move in unison in one direction

A

Cilia

114
Q

What do you plant cells have animals don’t have

A
  1. Have cell walls made of cellose
  2. Plant cells have large central vacole
  3. Chloroplasts
115
Q

What makes a plant sit up right?

A

Central vacole fills up, leans up agaisnt plasma, hits cell wall.

116
Q

Responsible for photosynthesis

A

Chlorophists

Bio 100 (7 decks)

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