Ch 1

Question 1

an organism is a living thing made up of 1 or more cells; they all reproduce either asexually or sexually which leads to new organisms

Answer 1

Organism

Question 2

most basic fundamental unit of life

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

a type of unicellular organism that has only the outer membrane structure known as the plasma membrane and DOES NOT contain a nucleus nor specialized organelles

Answer 3

Prokaryote

Question 4

any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles that are enclosed within membranes

Answer 4

Eukaryote

Question 5

most fundamental unit of elements; basic unit of matter

Answer 5

atom

Question 6

structures that are made up of atoms bonded together

Answer 6

Molecule

Question 7

structures that consist of multiple related cells which have the same purpose

Answer 7

Tissue

Question 8

different tissue types that are organized and interact with a particular purpose

Answer 8

organ

Question 9

organs whose functions are interrelated

Answer 9

organ system

Question 10

a group of organisms of the same species breeding and interacting with one another

Answer 10

Population

Question 11

a group of organisms of a variety of species sharing the same location

Answer 11

Community

Question 12

the community plus the abiotic components of the area which they survive

Answer 12

ecosystem

Question 13

the interactions of all the ecosystems over the earth

Answer 13

Biosphere

Question 14

a property of a complex system that is not exhibited by its individual component parts; the combination of the interactions of chemicals and complex functions leads to emergent properties which ultimately results in an organism being alive.

Answer 14

emergent Properties

Question 15

refers to an organisms that is able to produce its own food to survive

Answer 15

producers

Question 16

organisms that consume other organisms or organic matter to receive energy; are unable to produce their own food to survive.

Answer 16

Consumers

Question 17

an organism that digests dead matter outside of its body and absorbs the digest materials.

Answer 17

Decomposers

Question 18

organism that obtains its energy from dead bodies or waste products of their environments

Answer 18

Detritivore

Question 19

process in which a living organism maintains its internal environment - temperature, pH, salinity, oxygen, etc.

Answer 19

Homeostasis

Question 20

reproduction without sex; results in organisms with the same genetics as their parents; common in unicellular organisms.

Answer 20

Asexual Reproduction

Question 21

reproduction involving the union of gametes; involves 2 parents mixing their DNA with one another; results in genetic variation

Answer 21

Sexual Reproduction

Question 22

an inherited trait which enhances survival of the organism which leads to more reproduction

Answer 22

Adaptation

Question 23

a change in the genetic material not caused by recombination

Answer 23

Mutation

Question 24

the differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population; organisms traits change through time and these changes can lead to new species

Answer 24

Natural Selection

Question 25

change in the type of genes (and alleles) within a population

Answer 25

evolution

Question 26

the science of naming, classifying, and organizing living organisms. The basic unit of taxonomy is the species

Answer 26

Taxonomy

Question 27

a group of organisms capable of breeding with one another

Answer 27

Species

Question 28

closely related species that are grouped together for classifying

Answer 28

Genus

Question 29

three branches of life - bacteria, archae, and eukarya

Answer 29

Domains

Question 30

unicellular organisms that lack nuclei

Answer 30

Bacteria

Question 31

unicellular organisms that lack nuclei and have a different cell wall than bacteria

Answer 31

Archaea

Question 32

unicellular OR multicellular organisms that contain nuclei and are made of eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

Eukarya

Question 33

consists of bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants, animals

Answer 33

Kingdoms

Question 34

complex and single celled organisms; most bacteria that exist are eubacteria.

Answer 34

Kingdom Bacteria (Eubacteria)

Question 35

unicellular organisms found in extreme environments

Answer 35

Kingdom Archaea (Archaebacteria)

Question 36

organisms known as algae or slime molds; most are unicellular and they are complex cells

Answer 36

Kingdom Protists

Question 37

organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, etc; most fungi are multicellular and consist of complex cells

Answer 37

Kingdom Fungi

Question 38

flowers, mosses, ferns, etc; multicellular organisms that consist of complex cells

Answer 38

Kingdom Plants

Question 39

all animals consist of many complex cells; aka heterotrophs

Answer 39

Kingdom Animals

Question 40

a tool used to study the universe - physics, biology, chemistry, etc.

Answer 40

Science

Question 41

a process used to help figure out an aspect of the universe using evidence to answer questions and test ideas - observations & questions, hypothesis, experiment & data collection, analysis/conclusion.

Answer 41

scientific method

Question 42

educated guess and best explanation a scientist comes up with as to why a phenomena occurs; has predictive aspects which can be tested.

Answer 42

Hypothesis

Question 43

this is what makes a hypothesis be truly accepted within the scientific community and consists of scientific peers reviewing the work of another scientist to determine if the work is valid

Answer 43

peer review

Question 44

testing process to support or disprove hypotheses and to answer questions

Answer 44

Experiment

Question 45

amount of individual subjects the scientist will study in order to form a conclusion; has to be large enough in order to accurately represent the real word

Answer 45

Sample Size

Question 46

element of an experiment which can change and there are 3 different types (independent, dependent, control)

Answer 46

Variable

Question 47

subject of the study; scientist is trying to determine if the independent variable is actually causing the effects observed

Answer 47

Independent Variable

Question 48

the response or the measureable response of the experiment; it is the result of the experiment

Answer 48

Dependent Variable

Question 49

control variable; all of the other variables the scientists attempts to keep constant through the experiment to make sure they are not influencing the results of the experiment

Answer 49

(Control) Standardized Variable

Question 50

the group in a experiment that is not subjected to the independent variable

Answer 50

Control Group

Question 51

when the subject doesn't know if it is having the independent variable applied to it or not

Answer 51

Placebo

Question 52

when the experimenter (scientist) doesn't know which group has the independent variable applied to it

Answer 52

Double Blind Test

Question 53

an explanation of why an effect occurs and has predictive abilities

Answer 53

theory

Question 54

an observed fact

Answer 54

Law

Question 55

5 Principles of life are what?

Answer 55

1) Organization, 2) Energy Use, 3) Maintenance of Internal Environment (Homeostasis), 4) Reproduction, Growth, & Development, 5) Evolution - what are these?

Question 56

Life having structure to it is what?

Answer 56

Organization

Question 57

All of life uses energy that can come from different places such as the sun? Which principle is this?

Answer 57

Energy Use

Question 58

Homeostasis - temperature, pH, salinity, etc - what principle is this?

Answer 58

Maintenance

Question 59

What are the various ranks of taxonomy?

Answer 59

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Question 60

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 60

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 61

What kingdoms does Domain Eukarya have?

Answer 61

Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, and Protista

Question 62

What are the scientific method processes?

Answer 62

Observation & Questions, Hypothesis, Experiment & Data Collection, Analysis/Conclusion & Peer Review

Question 63

Faith is not a part of science as it is not testable. Philosophy doesn't test things the way science does and does not belong in science? -- What are these examples of?

Answer 63

Abilities and limits of science

Question 64

anything that takes up space

Answer 64

Matter

Question 65

pure unit of matter which has certain characteristics which can’t be changed by normal chemical means

Answer 65

Element

Question 66

the 25 elements that make up the majority of living objects

Answer 66

Bulk Elements

Question 67

naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic

Answer 67

Minerals

Question 68

dietary element needed in very minute quantities for growth and development and physiology of an organism

Answer 68

Trace Elements

Question 69

smallest unit of an element consists of protons, neutrons, electrons

Answer 69

Atom

Question 70

(+) charged subatomic particle

Answer 70

Proton

Question 71

neutral subatomic particle

Answer 71

Neutron

Question 72

(-) charged subatomic particle

Answer 72

Electrons

Question 73

amount of protons within the nucleus of an atom

Answer 73

Atomic Number

Question 74

atom that has gained or lost an electron

Answer 74

Ion

Question 75

based upon the amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus – sum of neutrons and protons

Answer 75

Mass Number

Question 76

Each of 2 or more forms of the same element that contains the equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Answer 76

isotope

Question 77

mass of an atomic particle, sub-atomic particle, or molecule

Answer 77

Atomic Mass

Question 78

unstable elements with high energy

Answer 78

Radioactive

Question 79

structure that consists of 2 or more atoms bonded together

Answer 79

Molecule

Question 80

a molecule that consists of 2 or more element

Answer 80

Compound

Question 81

term used to describe the location of electrons around an atom

Answer 81

Orbitals

Question 82

With this bond, atoms have very similar strengths in electronegativity - there are 2 types of these kinds of bonds.

Answer 82

Covalent Bond

Question 83

a bond between 2 atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair

Answer 83

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Question 84

a bond between 2 atoms that have different electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair

Answer 84

Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 85

these form when 1 atom steals the electrons from another atom; the different charges of each of the ions attract one another to each other

Answer 85

Ionic Bonds

Question 86

the amount of pull the protons within the nucleus have on their valence shell electrons; this association between protons and electron will determine the type of bond that forms between 2 different elements

Answer 86

Electronegativity

Question 87

electronegativity values difference are less than 0.5

Answer 87

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Question 88

electronegativity values difference are equal to or more than 0.5 but less than 1.9

Answer 88

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 89

electronegativity values of more than 1.9

Answer 89

Ionic Bond

Question 90

the amino acid sequence; a chain of amino acids attached to one another

Answer 90

Primary Structure

Question 91

folding which occurs between the former carboxyl of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid; can either form beta sheets or alpha helixes

Answer 91

Secondary Structure

Question 92

structure between the "R" groups of the various amino acids and creates important 3D shape of the protein

Answer 92

Tertiary Structure

Question 93

only occurs in some proteins and involves the bonding of several proteins together; hemoglobin is an example

Answer 93

Quaternary Structure

Question 94

this lipid has all the hydrogen atoms possible and has a straight appearance; butter and margarine are examples

Answer 94

Saturated Fats

Question 95

this lipid has fewer hydrogens and has carbons which are double bonded to one another creating a kink or a bend in the molecular structure; olive oil and plant oils

Answer 95

Unsaturated Fats

Question 96

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 96

Amino Acids

Question 97

What are the building blocks of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 97

Nucleotides

Question 98

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 98

Monosaccharidse

Question 99

Molecular structures which are the result of many monomers together

Answer 99

Polymers

Question 100

How are monomers put together?

Answer 100

Dehydration Synthesis -

Question 101

How are polymers taken apart?

Answer 101

Hydrolysis - bond is broken by adding water

Question 102

3 long hydrocarbon chains called fatty acids bonded to a glycerol

Answer 102

Triglycerides

Question 103

Fatty acids combined with alcohols or other hydrocarbons

Answer 103

Wax

Question 104

4 interconnected carbon chains; cholesterol

Answer 104

Sterol