Ch. 1-3

Question 1

Why do humans rely on communication? (p.1)

Answer 1

To meet the critical social needs of inclusion, control, and affection.

Question 2

T/F - Humans need physical contact and communication to survive. (p. 1)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F - learning who we are and developing a sense of self is reinforced by interacting with others. (p. 1)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

____ _____ carry the bulk of meaning in a message. (p. 2)
6% is found in the words.
39% is conveyed in vocal intonation
55% is in accompanying gestures, body language, and facial expressions.

Answer 4

Nonverbal elements

Question 5

What is (2) constitutes the contextual environment? (p. 2)

Answer 5

Physical environment

Personal history each participant

Question 6

Define “noise” in a conversation (p. 3)

Answer 6

Anything that distracts the participants in an interaction from their communication.

Question 7

What are the four domains of “noise”? (p. 3)

Answer 7

External, physical, physiological, or physocological.

Question 8

What are the (4) prerequisite skills for aspiring interpreters? (p. 4)

Answer 8

Thinking analtically
Listen effectively
Express themselves clearly (signed, spoke, & written)

Question 9

Pragmatic rules serve the function of… (p. 5)

Answer 9

Help us make sense of the language we encounter in our interactions with others

Question 10

Factors that influence a speaker’s message: (p. 6)

Answer 10

Speaker's goal
Context of the message
Degree of directness
Use of powerful/powerless speech
Register

Question 11

T/F - An effective communicator must be aware of various cultural norms and expectations when attempting to achieve a specific communication goal. (p. 9)

Answer 11

True as fuck!

Question 12

Four types of language that can produce imprecision: (p. 10)

Answer 12

Equivocal language
Euphemistic language
Abstract language
Passive voice

Question 13

Define equivocal langguage (p.10)

Answer 13

Deliberate langauge that can be interpreted in more than one way in order to mislead someone.

Question 14

Define euphemistic language (p. 10)

Answer 14

Socially acceptable terms and phrases in place of blunt, descriptive ones.

Question 15

What is the purpose of using abstract language? (p. 10)

Answer 15

To be deliberately vague, permitting the speaker to hint at their true response without being too confrontational.

Question 16

Define passive voice (p.11)

Answer 16

a statement where the person or thing performing the action is not overtly stated

Question 17

T/F - In order to be an interpreter, it isn’t important to notice when a person is trying to communicate clearly. (p.11)

Answer 17

False. To be a good interpreter, it’s important to recognize when someone is deliberately attempting to be vage and when they are trying to communicate clarly.

Question 18

What are the 5 linguistic registers? (p.16)

Answer 18

frozen
formal
consultative
informal/casual
intimate

Question 19

T/F - Consultative register is used between friends. (p.22)

Answer 19

False. It is used between “experts” and their consumers

Question 20

How do Padden and Humphries define culture? (p. 36)

Answer 20

A set of learned behaviors of a group who have their own language, values, rules of behavior and traditions.

Question 21

The culture that we grow up in shapes our concept of ______. Language is the primary ____ that does the shaping. (p.37)

Answer 21

who we are; instrument

Question 22

When we recognize the importance of NOT ascribing a motive or meaning to a behavior solely based on one’s own cultural assumptions we are practicing ______ _____. (p.46)

Answer 22

Cultural humility

Question 23

Effective communication requires that we identify our own ____ ____ and group membership and understand how it influences our ____ in communication. (p.51)

Answer 23

cultural identity; expectations

Question 24

T/F - Language is distinct and different from culture. (p.57)

Answer 24

False. It cannot be seperated from the culture in which it is used.

Question 25

Communication can be interpreted on different literal (____) level and the deep structure (____) level. (p.57)

Answer 25

Denotative; Connotative

Question 26

____% of all Deaf people are born into hearing families. (p.60)

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

Among Deaf culture, the most common genre of comunication is _____. (p.63)

Answer 27

Narrative. It is evidnced by the extensive use of role shift and the highly descriptive classifier system.

Question 28

Frequent feedback from the participants in an ASL conversation are _____ ______. (p.65)

Answer 28

Reciprocal signals

Question 29

T/F - Hereditary deafness is more prevalent in African American families than in European families. (p.67)

Answer 29

False. Hereditary deafness is much LESS prevalent in A.A. families.

Question 30

All Hispanic cultures are _____ cultures. (p.68)

Answer 30

Collectivist

Question 31

T/F - A Hispanic may freeze when confronted with competitive or critical situations, or when receiving negative feedback. (p.70)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F - In Hispanic cultures, death is viewed as a natural part of life. (p.70)

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F - Among Native bands, tribes and nations, no two entities share identical norms and cultural characteristics. (p.70)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What do the authors mean when they say Native cultures “work to live”? (p.73)

Answer 34

They do what is necessary to maintain life, but without the drive to collect, possess, and move up the social ladder.

Question 35

Native people typically place greater emphasis on ____, _____, and ____ things than on talking about what is going on. (p.73)

Answer 35

watching; listening; observing

Question 36

Because Native cultures are matrilineal, a person’s mother, grandmother and maternal _____ have significant positions. The maternal ____ has a more significant role than one’s own father. (p.73-74)

Answer 36

uncle; uncle

Question 37

In Native cultures, wellness is harmony in ___, ___, and ___. (p.75)

Answer 37

body; mind; spirit

Question 38

The authos propose that “culture is a life-long pursuit and is best studied in the laboratory of life. Frequent social interactions with a variety of DHH individuals will slowly reveal the keys to _______ ______.” (p.76)

Answer 38

cross-cultural understanding.