Ch. 1-3 Flashcards
Why do humans rely on communication? (p.1)
To meet the critical social needs of inclusion, control, and affection.
T/F - Humans need physical contact and communication to survive. (p. 1)
True
T/F - learning who we are and developing a sense of self is reinforced by interacting with others. (p. 1)
True
____ _____ carry the bulk of meaning in a message. (p. 2)
6% is found in the words.
39% is conveyed in vocal intonation
55% is in accompanying gestures, body language, and facial expressions.
Nonverbal elements
What is (2) constitutes the contextual environment? (p. 2)
Physical environment
Personal history each participant
Define “noise” in a conversation (p. 3)
Anything that distracts the participants in an interaction from their communication.
What are the four domains of “noise”? (p. 3)
External, physical, physiological, or physocological.
What are the (4) prerequisite skills for aspiring interpreters? (p. 4)
Thinking analtically
Listen effectively
Express themselves clearly (signed, spoke, & written)
Pragmatic rules serve the function of… (p. 5)
Help us make sense of the language we encounter in our interactions with others
Factors that influence a speaker’s message: (p. 6)
Speaker's goal Context of the message Degree of directness Use of powerful/powerless speech Register
T/F - An effective communicator must be aware of various cultural norms and expectations when attempting to achieve a specific communication goal. (p. 9)
True as fuck!
Four types of language that can produce imprecision: (p. 10)
Equivocal language
Euphemistic language
Abstract language
Passive voice
Define equivocal langguage (p.10)
Deliberate langauge that can be interpreted in more than one way in order to mislead someone.
Define euphemistic language (p. 10)
Socially acceptable terms and phrases in place of blunt, descriptive ones.
What is the purpose of using abstract language? (p. 10)
To be deliberately vague, permitting the speaker to hint at their true response without being too confrontational.
Define passive voice (p.11)
a statement where the person or thing performing the action is not overtly stated
T/F - In order to be an interpreter, it isn’t important to notice when a person is trying to communicate clearly. (p.11)
False. To be a good interpreter, it’s important to recognize when someone is deliberately attempting to be vage and when they are trying to communicate clarly.
What are the 5 linguistic registers? (p.16)
frozen formal consultative informal/casual intimate
T/F - Consultative register is used between friends. (p.22)
False. It is used between “experts” and their consumers
How do Padden and Humphries define culture? (p. 36)
A set of learned behaviors of a group who have their own language, values, rules of behavior and traditions.
The culture that we grow up in shapes our concept of ______. Language is the primary ____ that does the shaping. (p.37)
who we are; instrument
When we recognize the importance of NOT ascribing a motive or meaning to a behavior solely based on one’s own cultural assumptions we are practicing ______ _____. (p.46)
Cultural humility
Effective communication requires that we identify our own ____ ____ and group membership and understand how it influences our ____ in communication. (p.51)
cultural identity; expectations
T/F - Language is distinct and different from culture. (p.57)
False. It cannot be seperated from the culture in which it is used.
Communication can be interpreted on different literal (____) level and the deep structure (____) level. (p.57)
Denotative; Connotative
____% of all Deaf people are born into hearing families. (p.60)
90%
Among Deaf culture, the most common genre of comunication is _____. (p.63)
Narrative. It is evidnced by the extensive use of role shift and the highly descriptive classifier system.
Frequent feedback from the participants in an ASL conversation are _____ ______. (p.65)
Reciprocal signals
T/F - Hereditary deafness is more prevalent in African American families than in European families. (p.67)
False. Hereditary deafness is much LESS prevalent in A.A. families.
All Hispanic cultures are _____ cultures. (p.68)
Collectivist
T/F - A Hispanic may freeze when confronted with competitive or critical situations, or when receiving negative feedback. (p.70)
True
T/F - In Hispanic cultures, death is viewed as a natural part of life. (p.70)
True
T/F - Among Native bands, tribes and nations, no two entities share identical norms and cultural characteristics. (p.70)
True
What do the authors mean when they say Native cultures “work to live”? (p.73)
They do what is necessary to maintain life, but without the drive to collect, possess, and move up the social ladder.
Native people typically place greater emphasis on ____, _____, and ____ things than on talking about what is going on. (p.73)
watching; listening; observing
Because Native cultures are matrilineal, a person’s mother, grandmother and maternal _____ have significant positions. The maternal ____ has a more significant role than one’s own father. (p.73-74)
uncle; uncle
In Native cultures, wellness is harmony in ___, ___, and ___. (p.75)
body; mind; spirit
The authos propose that “culture is a life-long pursuit and is best studied in the laboratory of life. Frequent social interactions with a variety of DHH individuals will slowly reveal the keys to _______ ______.” (p.76)
cross-cultural understanding.
