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Measuring Health Behavior > CH 1-3 > Flashcards

CH 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Give two reasons for studying measurement

A
  1. create flexibility 2. improve communication
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2
Q

Define “measurement”

A

Measurement consists of rules for assigning symbols to objects so as to scale or classify attributes

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3
Q

Describe the scaling aspect of measurement

A

representing quantities of attributes numerically

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4
Q

Describe the classification aspect of measurement

A

defining whether the objects fall in the same or different categories with respect to a given attribute

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5
Q

Ordinal Scale

A

variables whose categories have a meaningful, hierarchical order

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6
Q

Interval Scale

A

variables whose order has meaning and the numbers used to represent the attribute have meaning; no true zero point

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7
Q

Nominal Scale

A

used to classify variables that can be placed in categories , characterized by kind

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8
Q

Ratio Scale

A

variables whose order has meaning and the numbers used to represent the attribute have meaning; true zero point

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9
Q

Reliability

A

consistency; does the instrument produce scores that are internally consistent or stable across time?

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10
Q

Validity

A

legitimacy; does the instrument measure what it is intended to measure?

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11
Q

What are the four primary methods of measuring health behaviors?

A
  1. Self-report 2. Observation 3. Biobehavioral measure 4. Electronic monitors
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12
Q

List some examples of self-report.

A
  1. Interviews 2. Questionnaires 3. Journals/Diaries 4. Response Scales 5. Indexes
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13
Q

List some examples of scaling methods.

A
  1. Visual Analog Scale 2. Thurstone Scale 3. Likert Scale 4. Guttman Scale 5. Semantic Differential Rating Scale
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14
Q

Measurement Error

A

the degree to which a measure deviates from the ideal level of reliability and validity

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15
Q

Random Error

A

error that is due to chance factors that influence the measurement of a variable; affects the reliability of a measurement

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16
Q

Systematic Error

A

error that is due to factors that systematically increase or decrease true scores of an attribute; affects the validity of a measure; can be additive or correlational

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17
Q

Additive Systematic Error

A

a consistent deviation from the true score in the same direction (e.g. a scale that always adds 2 pounds to the actual weight)

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18
Q

Correlational Systematic Error

A

measures consistently inflate or deflate scores but do so in different ways for different responders (e.g. some subjects answers may be consistently more positive)

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19
Q

Response Sets

A

patterns of responses or bias in responses

20
Q

What are the types of response sets?

A
  1. Social Desirability 2. Acquiescence and Nay-Saying 3. End Aversion/Central Tendency 4. Positive Skew 5. Halo
21
Q

Social Desirability

A

the tendency of subjects to attribute socially desirable traits to themselves; e.g. faking-good or faking bad

22
Q

Acquiescence and Nay-Saying

A

the tendency of subjects to choose true over false or agree over disagree (or the opposite)

23
Q

End Aversion/Central Tendency

A

avoidance of extremes (e.g. rarely picking strongly agree/disagree)

24
Q

Positive Skew

A

the tendency of people to hold extreme attitudes about a topic

25
Q

Halo

A

the tendency for rating of specific traits to be influenced by a general attitude, or set, toward a person (e.g. course evaluations)

26
Q

Recall

A

a major source of self-report error in which the ability and motivation of respondents to provide accurate information about behaviors or events that occurred in the past

27
Q

A graphic rating scale that uses a straight line and gives a numeric score based on the distance from one end of the line to the subject’s response

A

Visual Analog Scale

28
Q

A rating scale that pre-weights items to generate a score for endorsed items

A

Thurston Scale

29
Q

A summated rating scale that uses several items to asses a single attribute through adding individual response ratings to obtain a single score

A

Likert Scale

30
Q

A rating scale structured so that an affirmative response to one item in a set suggests affirmative responses to other items in that set. Total score is obtained by adding all the affirmative answers

A

Guttman Scale

31
Q

A rating scale that assesses meaning. To score this scale, response numbers are reversed and added.

A

Semantic Differential Rating Scale

32
Q

variables whose categories have a meaningful, hierarchical order

A

Ordinal Scale

33
Q

variables whose order has meaning and the numbers used to represent the attribute have meaning; no true zero point

A

Interval Scale

34
Q

used to classify variables that can be placed in categories , characterized by kind

A

Nominal Scale

35
Q

variables whose order has meaning and the numbers used to represent the attribute have meaning; true zero point

A

Ratio Scale

36
Q

the tendency of subjects to attribute socially desirable traits to themselves; e.g. faking-good or faking bad

A

Social Desirability

37
Q

the tendency of subjects to choose true over false or agree over disagree (or the opposite)

A

Acquiescence and Nay-Saying

38
Q

avoidance of extremes (e.g. rarely picking strongly agree/disagree)

A

End Aversion/Central Tendency

39
Q

the tendency of people to hold extreme attitudes about a topic

A

Positive Skew

40
Q

the tendency for rating of specific traits to be influenced by a general attitude, or set, toward a person (e.g. course evaluations)

A

Halo

41
Q

a major source of self-report error in which the ability and motivation of respondents to provide accurate information about behaviors or events that occurred in the past

A

Recall

42
Q

Visual Analog Scale

A

A graphic rating scale that uses a straight line and gives a numeric score based on the distance from one end of the line to the subject’s response

43
Q

Thurston Scale

A

A rating scale that pre-weights items to generate a score for endorsed items

44
Q

Likert Scale

A

A summated rating scale that uses several items to asses a single attribute through adding individual response ratings to obtain a single score

45
Q

Guttman Scale

A

A rating scale structured so that an affirmative response to one item in a set suggests affirmative responses to other items in that set. Total score is obtained by adding all the affirmative answers

46
Q

Semantic Differential Rating Scale

A

A rating scale that assesses meaning. To score this scale, response numbers are reversed and added.

47
Q

What kinds of factors influence measurement error?

A
  • Respondent Factors
  • Instrument Factors
  • Situational Factors

Measuring Health Behavior (3 decks)

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