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AP Bio > Ch 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Ch 1 & 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

8 properties of life

A

Reproduction, genetic material, homeostasis, cells, grow & develop, energy (ATP), respond/adapt, evolve

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2
Q

Scientific Method

A

Observe, ask questions, hypothesize, experiment, record/analyze data, conclude

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3
Q

5 kingdom Taxonomy

A

5 kingdoms, animalia, plantae, protista, fungi, monera

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4
Q

Modern classification

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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5
Q

Reductionism

A

complex things into smaller parts

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6
Q

Compounds

A

Made of atoms, smallest unit of matter

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7
Q

CHNOPS+ trace elements

A

make up organic matter on earth

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8
Q

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

A

P- positive N- no charge (P, N found in nucleus) E- negative charge, outside nucleus

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9
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons, periodic table is organized by atomic number

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10
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Number of protons plus neutrons

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11
Q

Bonding

A

Rearranging of atoms, can only play with electrons since protons are stuck in nucleus

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12
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Non- metals sharging ve-
Results in + and - charge
Similar electronegativities
Try to fill octet rule

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13
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Metal & non-, 1 gains/looses
Results in ions (cation +, anion -)
Bond forms b/w oppositely charged ions

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14
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak bond b/w + and - regions of 2 separate molecules

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15
Q

Periodic Table with bonding

A

Periods- # of energy levels/shells to hold e-
Columns- # of valence electrons

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16
Q

Isotopes & radioactive isotopes

A

Copies of same element with diff # of neutrons
RI- unstable & give off neutrons as energy (used to measure radioactive decay in fossils)

17
Q

Half life

A

Time for 1/2 a nuclei of isotope to decay

18
Q

Electronegativity

A

Tendency of atom to attract electrons for covalent bond

19
Q

Non-polar & polar

A

Non- constant sharing of e- (oxygen)
Polar- unequal sharing of e- (water)

20
Q

Cohesion & Adhesion

A

Co- water bonding tightly to other water molecules
Ad- water bonding tightly to other substances

21
Q

Thermal Energy

A

moves from warmer to cooler until both at same temp

22
Q

Specific heat

A

Amt of heat to raise temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C (calorie)

23
Q

Explain adding salt to water

A

Increases surface tension making stronger hydrogen bonds so more energy to weaken bonds

24
Q

Explain dependence of water properties

A

Adhesive property gives high solvency in liquid state (bodies absorb & dissolve nutrients into cells)
cohesive property allows for unique HB making ice less dense than water (organisms survive in winter since only the top of water froze)
cohesive property allows it to absorb therm energy stabilizing effect (maintains temp w/o fluctuating to crazy)

25
Q

Explain how trees use water properties

A

Rely on capillary action to absorb the water and nutrients from roots
Cohesion bonds water tightly together in the walls of the tree
Adhesion allows the water to bond onto the walls resisting the pull of gravity
Evaporation from leaves pulls water through water conducting cells

26
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

At 100 C freshwater evaporates
Overcome vapor pressure of surrounding air to change from liquid to gas

27
Q

Endothermic

A

Absorb energy from surroundings producing a cooling effect (Q+)

28
Q

Exothermic

A

Release energy into system increase temp (Q-)

29
Q

Bond energy

A

Amount of energy to break 1 mole of molecule into component molecule

30
Q

Bonds form-
Bonds break-

A

energy released
energy gained

31
Q

Electron sharings in single double and triple bonds

A

Single= 2
double= 4
triple= 6

32
Q

pH scale

A

H2O dissociates to create hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions

33
Q

Acids

A

Release proton (H+) in solutions, have more H+ than OH-

34
Q

Bases

A

Accept protons (H+) in solutions, have more Oh- than H+

35
Q

Carbonic acid bicarbonate

A

Regulates biological systems pH, CO2 diffuses into red blood cells with little change to pH

36
Q

Buffers

A

Either absorbs or donates excess H+

AP Bio (4 decks)

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