Ch 1

Question 1

Conflict Model of Law

Answer 1

The belief that criminal law reflects the conflicts of interest of groups and that the more powerful the groups define the law

Question 2

Consensus Model of Law

Answer 2

The belief that criminal law originates in the will of the majority

Question 3

Costs of Crime

Answer 3

The costs of crime include the financial and other costs, such as psychological and health costs. Estimates have been as high as $1.7 trillion.

Question 4

Crime

Answer 4

Violations of criminal law

Question 5

Criminal Law

Answer 5

Violations of law that are enforced by the state in order to protect victims

Question 6

Criminology

Answer 6

The scientific study of crime and criminal behavior

Question 7

Deviance

Answer 7

Behavior that is outside the limits of societal toleration

Question 8

Felonies

Answer 8

More serious crimes generally punished by at least a year in jail

Question 9

Folkways

Answer 9

Nice customs, traditions, or less serious norms

Question 10

Functional Necessity of Crime (Durkeim)

Answer 10

Durkheim’s theory that society defines itself by reacting to crime and wrongdoing

Question 11

Gemeinschaft

Answer 11

A communal or folk society

Question 12

Gesellschaft

Answer 12

An associational or heterogeneous society

Question 13

Interactionist Model of Law

Answer 13

Says that crime is defined by abstract meanings and symbols and is a label assigned by society

Question 14

Latent Functions

Answer 14

Unexplained, unanticipated (hidden) consequences of social activity

Question 15

Laws

Answer 15

Codified (written) rules that are more serious norms and contain sanctions

Question 16

Mala in Se

Answer 16

Acts that are bad in themselves

Question 17

Mala Prohibita

Answer 17

Acts that are bad due to being prohibited

Question 18

Manifest Functions

Answer 18

Intended or planned consequences of social arrangements

Question 19

Misdemeanors

Answer 19

Less serious crimes that result in less than 1 year in jail

Question 20

Mores

Answer 20

More serious informal social controls

Question 21

Norms

Answer 21

Prescribed rules of conduct

Question 22

Overcriminalization

Answer 22

The overuse of the criminal law as an attempt to control deviant activity

Question 23

Progression of Knowledge

Answer 23

Comte’s theory that knowledge has historically progressed from theological to metaphysical to scientific

Question 24

Undercriminalization

Answer 24

The underuse of the criminal law to control deviant activity