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PSY 101 > CH 1 > Flashcards

CH 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

A

Structuralism

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2
Q

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

Functionalism

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3
Q

Looking inward

A

Introspection

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4
Q

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with (1) but not (2).

A

Behaviorism

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5
Q

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

A

Humanistic Psychology

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6
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception thinking, memory, and language)

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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7
Q

The study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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8
Q

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s psychological science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

A

Nature-Nurture Issue

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9
Q

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

Natural Selection

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10
Q

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of Analysis

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11
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

A

Biopsychosocial Approach

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12
Q

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

Basic Research

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13
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied Research

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14
Q

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (school, work, or relationships) and in achieving greater well-being

A

Counseling Psychology

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15
Q

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

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16
Q

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

Psychiatry

17
Q

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

A

Positive Psychology

18
Q

Not openly observable

A

Covert

19
Q

Openly observable

A

Overt

20
Q

Used to discover the degree of relationship between two or more variables

A

Correlation

21
Q

Characteristic of any object, event, or person that can take on two or more values or levels (age, sex, IQ, city population, warm/cold parents, drug/placebo)

A

Variable

22
Q

As one variable increases, so does the other

A

Positive Correlation

23
Q

As one variable increases, the other decreases

A

Negative Correlation

24
Q

The strength of a correlation relationship

A

Correlation Coefficient

25
Q

The only investigative method that allows for cause-effect conclusions

A

Experimentation

26
Q

What is changed or varied to see the effect on behavior; (Cause)

A

Independent Variable

27
Q

The actual behavior in response to the independent variable; (Effect)

A

Dependent Variable

28
Q

“If…(_____ variable), then(_____ variable)”

A

Independent; dependent

29
Q

Expectation that there will be no differences in behavior as a result of the independent variable

A

Null Hypothesis

30
Q

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that we would have foreseen

A

Hindsight bias

31
Q

Neither the participants nor the research assistants collecting the data will know which group

A

Double-blind procedure

32
Q

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables

A

Operational Definition

PSY 101 (2 decks)

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