CH 1 Flashcards
Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Structuralism
Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
Functionalism
Looking inward
Introspection
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with (1) but not (2).
Behaviorism
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people
Humanistic Psychology
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception thinking, memory, and language)
Cognitive Neuroscience
The study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s psychological science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Nature-Nurture Issue
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Natural Selection
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
Levels of Analysis
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial Approach
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Basic Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Applied Research
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (school, work, or relationships) and in achieving greater well-being
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Clinical Psychology
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
Psychiatry
The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
Positive Psychology
Not openly observable
Covert
Openly observable
Overt
Used to discover the degree of relationship between two or more variables
Correlation
Characteristic of any object, event, or person that can take on two or more values or levels (age, sex, IQ, city population, warm/cold parents, drug/placebo)
Variable
As one variable increases, so does the other
Positive Correlation
As one variable increases, the other decreases
Negative Correlation
The strength of a correlation relationship
Correlation Coefficient
