Ch 1,2,3 Flashcards
Scientific Method
Observation —Law
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion/ Theory
Metric measurement for LENGTH
meter (m)
Metric measurement for VOLUME
Liter (L)
Metric measurement for MASS
gram (g)
Metric measurement for TEMPERATURE
degree celsius (*c)
Name 2 Unit Measurement for Volume
Measure liquid
Liter (L) and Milliliter (mL)
1 Liter (L)=
1000 mL
1 gal. =
4 qts.
1 qt=
4 cups
946 mL =
1 qt.
Name 2 measurements for Length
Meter (m) and centimeter (cm)
1m=
100 cm
1 mi =
5280 ft
1 yd =
3 ft
2.54 cm =
1 in
Name 2 measurements used for Mass
Gram (g) and Kilogram (kg)
1 kg =
1000 g
1 lb =
16 oz
454 g =
1 lb
Water freezes at
0C or 32F
What prefixes make units smaller
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
What prefix makes units larger
Kilo
Kilo
Increases by 1000 x’s 10^3
I kg = 1000g
Deci
(d)
0.1
10^-1
1g=10dg
centi
(c)
0.01
10^-2
1g=100cg
Milli
(m)
0.001
10^-3
1g=1000mg
Micro
(*)
0.000 001
10^-6
1g=1,000,000mcg
English Equalities for Length
Ft,yd,mi
1ft=12in
1yd=36in=3ft
1mi=5280ft
English Equalities for Volume
Gal,qt,pt,c,cm3(cc)
1gal=4qt 1qt=2pt 1pt=2c 1c=8floz 1cm3=1cc=1mL
English Equalities for Mass
Lb, ton
1lb=16oz
1 ton=2000 lb
*English to Metric Equalities
Volume?
Length?
Mass?
Volume 1qt=946mL (round 3 sig fig)
Length 1in=2.54cm (exact)
Mass 1lb=454g (round 3 sig fig)
1000m=
1km
1g=
100cg
1L
1000mL
Write a conversion factor for this equality
60min=1hr
60 min = 1h
_______. ____
1h. 60min
Write a conversion factor for this equality
1m=100cm
100cm. =. 1m
______. _______
1m. 100cm
Convert: liters and milliliters
1L=1000mL
____ _____
1000. 1L
Convert centimeters to inches
2.54cm= 1in
________. ______
1in. 2.54cm
Convert meters and kilometers
1000m= 1km
_______. ______
1km. 1000m
Percentage Problems
Name 2 rules
- When it’s a percent always denominate with 100
- Use the same unit in the numerator and denominator
18% body fat by mass:
100 kg body mass= 18kg of body fat
__________________. _________________
18kg of body fat. 100kg of body mass
Problem solving using conversion factors
Baby weighs 7lb and 14 oz. How many pounds only? Use decimal answer
7lb 14oz
14oz (1lb. )=0.875lb
______
16oz
7lb+0.875lb=7.875lb baby
Problem solving using conversion factors
A rattlesnake is 2.44m long. How many cm long is the rattle snake?
2.44m=cm
2.44m(100cm)= 2.44cm
_________
1m
Cancel out m. 2.44x100=244cm
Problem solving using conversion factors
A bottle contains 1.5 qts of wine. How many liters of wine is that?
1.5 qts =Liters
1.5 qts (946mL)(1L)=
_________. _____
1qt. 1000mL
1.5x946/100=1.419L
2 rules for numerator and denominators
Numerator: multiply
Denominator : down denominator divide
(Divide two multiplication )
Counting Significant Figures
- ) Nonzero #’s are counted as significant
- 987 5 sig.fig
- ) Zero BEFORE the nonzero # is not significant : “Leading zero”
- 43987 5 sig fig. 0.00086 kg 2 sig fig
3.) Zero BETWEEN nonzero # is a significant fig
6042mm 4 sig. 400009605mm 9sig
4.) zero AFTER nonzero # “Trailing zero”
-if there isn’t a decimal point it is Not sig
-if there is a decimal point it Is sig
4800 dg. 2 sig fig. 19640 cg. 5 sigfig
0.007600007200 mL 10 sig fig (only last 2 zeros count because of decimal
5.) Exact Numbers: no equipment used
-no limitations -infinity of sig #s
A: definition 12 in=1ft : infinity s.f.
10 dg=1g: infinity s.f.
B: Numbers obtained by counting look at their label. 27 students Infinity 27 inches. 2 sig fig (used by ruler)
Significant conversion
Length 1 in= 2.54 cm. infinity sig definition
Volume 1qt= 946 mL. 3 sig calc round
Mass 1lb=454g. 3 sig calc round
Use metric are infinity except mL/L
Calculations with Significant figures
ADD/ SUB
- Calc and write answer down
- Determine least precise (least info) original number
- Final answer is limited to same decimal place(least precise #)
Calculations with Significant figures
Mult/ Divide
- Calculate write answer
- Determine the # of sig fig in original #s
- Final answer has same sig fig as original # with fewest sig fig