Ch. 1

Question 1

When were x-rays discovered?

Answer 1

November 8, 1895

Question 2

What type of tube was Roentgen working with in his lab when x rays were discovered?

Answer 2

Crooks Tube

Question 3

Which term could be defined as the instantaneous production of light only during an interaction between a type of energy and some element or compound?

Answer 3

Fluorescence

Question 4

Barium platinocyandie was the______

Answer 4

fluorescent material that glowed when the tube was energized

Question 5

The first radiograph produced by Roentgen, of his wife’s hand, required an exposure of:

Answer 5

15 mins

Question 6

Who’s received the first Nobel prize for physics?

Answer 6

Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 7

Erythema an early sign of biological damage due to x-ray exposure is:

Answer 7

reddening of the skin

Question 8

X-rays have which two properties?

Answer 8

Electrical and magnetic

Question 9

The distance between two successive crest of a sine wave is known as:

Answer 9

wavelength

Question 10

X rays used in radiography have wavelengths that are measured in:
A) angstroms
B) millimeters
C) hertz

Answer 10

A) angstroms

Question 11

The frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time. Frequency is measured in:

Answer 11

hertz

Question 12

What is a correct description of the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of the x-ray photon?

Answer 12

Frequency and wavelength are inversely related

Question 13

A ____ is a small, discrete bundle of energy.

Answer 13

photon

Question 14

The speed of light is:

A) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 3 x 10^8 miles per second

B) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second

C) 3 x 10^8 miles per second and 186,000 miles per second

Answer 14

3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second

Question 15

The electrical energy applied to an x-ray tube will be transformed to:

Answer 15

Heat and x-rays

Question 16

The Greek symbol lambda represents the x rays:

A) Wavelength
B) speed
C) frequency
D) quantity

Answer 16

A) Wavelength

Question 17

An angstrom (A) is equal to:

Answer 17

10 > 10 meter

Question 18

X rays used in radiography have wavelengths ranging from 0.1 to:

Answer 18

1 A

Question 19

X rays used in radiography have frequencies ranging from 3 x 10^19 to:

A) 3 x 10^18 Hz
B) 3 x 10^8 Hz
C) 3 x 10^10 Hz

Answer 19

3 x 10^18 Hz

Question 20

The energy of an individual x-ray photon is measured in:
A) frequency
B) wavelength
C) electron volts (eV)

Answer 20

C) electron volts (eV)

Question 21

An x-ray beam that has photons with many different energies is:

A) homogeneous
B) monoenergetic
C) heterogeneous

Answer 21

C) Heterogeneous

Question 22

X-rays can:
A) penetrate the human body and be absorbed in the human body
B) penetrate the human body and change direction in the human body
C) be absorbed in the human body and change direction in the human
D) all options are correct

Answer 22

D) all options are correct

Question 23

What unit is used to measure occupational radiation exposure?

Answer 23

Dose equivalent

Question 24

What radiation unit is defined as an expression of the relative risk to humans of exposure to ionizing radiation?

Answer 24

effective dose

Question 25

X-rays are invisible T OR F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

X-rays carry a negative charge that causes ionization

Answer 26

false; x rays have no charge and are considered neutral as they are a form of electromagnetic radiation

Question 27

X-ray, photons travel at the speed of light in a vacuum

Answer 27

true

Question 28

X Ray photons are capable of traveling around corners

Answer 28

False; they travel in straight lines like other forms of electromagnetic radiation

Question 29

X-rays can cause certain substances to fluoresce

Answer 29

true

Question 30

X-rays will change direction in the presence of a strong magnetic field

Answer 30

false because they are neutral electromagnetic radiation and do not carry a charge, meaning they cannot be deflected by magnetic fields

Question 31

X-rays produce a slight tingling sensation when they enter the body

Answer 31

false

Question 32

X-rays cannot be focused with a lens

Answer 32

True, because their high energy and short wavelength make them pass through most materials, including glass

Question 33

It is impossible for x-rays to interact with matter and produce secondary radiation

Answer 33

False, when X-rays interact with matter, they can indeed produce secondary radiation through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, where the interaction with electrons in the material can eject them, creating new, lower-energy photons that are considered secondary radiation.

Question 34

X-rays can produce ionization of atoms making up cells, causing damage

Answer 34

true, x- rays are a form of ionizing radiation, meaning they have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms within cells, causing ionization and potentially damaging cellular structures, particularly DNA, which can lead to mutations or cell death if the damage is not repaired properly

Question 35

Screening for pregnancy is an important task for minimizing exposure to a developing fetus.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Since the publication of Roentgens scientific paper, no other properties of x ray have been discovered. True or false ?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

X rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both ______

Answer 37

waves and particles

Question 38

x Ray radiation is part of which spectrum?

Answer 38

electromagnetic

Question 39

what is the number of waves passing a given point per unit of time?

Answer 39

frequency

Question 40

decreasing the wavelength of an x Ray beam will _____ its energy.

Answer 40

increase

Question 41

Air Kerma

Answer 41

is the amount of energy deposited in a unit mass of air and expressed in units of gray (Gy)

Question 42

ALARA

Answer 42

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Question 43

If we decrease the exposure time, what will happen to the photons?

Answer 43

Less Photons

Question 44

Doubling the mA results in:

Answer 44

- doubling the tube current - doubling the thermionic emission - doubling the quantity of x-ray photons

Question 45

What does the quality of the x ray beam indicate:

Answer 45

ability of the photons to penetrate

Question 46

Filtration of the beam results in increased beam;

Answer 46

quality

Question 47

To produce x rays, electrons must be

Answer 47

Liberated from the cathode, accelerated and suddenly decelerated

Question 48

What focal spot size is measured directly under the anode target?

Answer 48

effective

Question 49

T OR F Wavelength and frequency are indirectly related?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

a dual focus tube has how many filaments

Answer 50

two, only one is energized at a time

Question 51

Whenever possible, a higher ______ and lower ____ should be used to reduce patient exposure!

Answer 51

- kVp -mAs

Question 52

K Shell

Answer 52

69.5

Question 53

Which x ray tube component served as a source of electrons for x ray production?

Answer 53

The filament

Question 54

The cloud of electrons that forms before x ray production is referred to as:

Answer 54

Space Charge

Question 55

The unit used to express tube current:

Answer 55

mA

Question 56

Which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x ray in the diagnostic beam?

Answer 56

Bremsstrahlung Interactions