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Image Processing And Production > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When were x-rays discovered?

A

November 8, 1895

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2
Q

What type of tube was Roentgen working with in his lab when x rays were discovered?

A

Crooks Tube

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3
Q

Which term could be defined as the instantaneous production of light only during an interaction between a type of energy and some element or compound?

A

Fluorescence

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4
Q

Barium platinocyandie was the______

A

fluorescent material that glowed when the tube was energized

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5
Q

The first radiograph produced by Roentgen, of his wife’s hand, required an exposure of:

A

15 mins

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6
Q

Who’s received the first Nobel prize for physics?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

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7
Q

Erythema an early sign of biological damage due to x-ray exposure is:

A

reddening of the skin

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8
Q

X-rays have which two properties?

A

Electrical and magnetic

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9
Q

The distance between two successive crest of a sine wave is known as:

A

wavelength

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10
Q

X rays used in radiography have wavelengths that are measured in:
A) angstroms
B) millimeters
C) hertz

A

A) angstroms

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11
Q

The frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time. Frequency is measured in:

A

hertz

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12
Q

What is a correct description of the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of the x-ray photon?

A

Frequency and wavelength are inversely related

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13
Q

A ____ is a small, discrete bundle of energy.

A

photon

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14
Q

The speed of light is:

A) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 3 x 10^8 miles per second

B) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second

C) 3 x 10^8 miles per second and 186,000 miles per second

A

3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second

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15
Q

The electrical energy applied to an x-ray tube will be transformed to:

A

Heat and x-rays

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16
Q

The Greek symbol lambda represents the x rays:

A) Wavelength
B) speed
C) frequency
D) quantity

A

A) Wavelength

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17
Q

An angstrom (A) is equal to:

A

10 > 10 meter

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18
Q

X rays used in radiography have wavelengths ranging from 0.1 to:

A

1 A

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19
Q

X rays used in radiography have frequencies ranging from 3 x 10^19 to:

A) 3 x 10^18 Hz
B) 3 x 10^8 Hz
C) 3 x 10^10 Hz

A

3 x 10^18 Hz

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20
Q

The energy of an individual x-ray photon is measured in:
A) frequency
B) wavelength
C) electron volts (eV)

A

C) electron volts (eV)

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21
Q

An x-ray beam that has photons with many different energies is:

A) homogeneous
B) monoenergetic
C) heterogeneous

A

C) Heterogeneous

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22
Q

X-rays can:
A) penetrate the human body and be absorbed in the human body
B) penetrate the human body and change direction in the human body
C) be absorbed in the human body and change direction in the human
D) all options are correct

A

D) all options are correct

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23
Q

What unit is used to measure occupational radiation exposure?

A

Dose equivalent

24
Q

What radiation unit is defined as an expression of the relative risk to humans of exposure to ionizing radiation?

A

effective dose

25
Q

X-rays are invisible

T OR F

A

True

26
Q

X-rays carry a negative charge that causes ionization

A

false; x rays have no charge and are considered neutral as they are a form of electromagnetic radiation

27
Q

X-ray, photons travel at the speed of light in a vacuum

A

true

28
Q

X Ray photons are capable of traveling around corners

A

False; they travel in straight lines like other forms of electromagnetic radiation

29
Q

X-rays can cause certain substances to fluoresce

A

true

30
Q

X-rays will change direction in the presence of a strong magnetic field

A

false because they are neutral electromagnetic radiation and do not carry a charge, meaning they cannot be deflected by magnetic fields

31
Q

X-rays produce a slight tingling sensation when they enter the body

A

false

32
Q

X-rays cannot be focused with a lens

A

True, because their high energy and short wavelength make them pass through most materials, including glass

33
Q

It is impossible for x-rays to interact with matter and produce secondary radiation

A

False, when X-rays interact with matter, they can indeed produce secondary radiation through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, where the interaction with electrons in the material can eject them, creating new, lower-energy photons that are considered secondary radiation.

34
Q

X-rays can produce ionization of atoms making up cells, causing damage

A

true, x- rays are a form of ionizing radiation, meaning they have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms within cells, causing ionization and potentially damaging cellular structures, particularly DNA, which can lead to mutations or cell death if the damage is not repaired properly

35
Q

Screening for pregnancy is an important task for minimizing exposure to a developing fetus.

A

True

36
Q

Since the publication of Roentgens scientific paper, no other properties of x ray have been discovered. True or false ?

A

True

37
Q

X rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both ______

A

waves and particles

38
Q

x Ray radiation is part of which spectrum?

A

electromagnetic

39
Q

what is the number of waves passing a given point per unit of time?

A

frequency

40
Q

decreasing the wavelength of an x Ray beam will _____ its energy.

A

increase

41
Q

Air Kerma

A

is the amount of energy deposited in a unit mass of air and expressed in units of gray (Gy)

42
Q

ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

43
Q

If we decrease the exposure time, what will happen to the photons?

A

Less Photons

44
Q

Doubling the mA results in:

A
  • doubling the tube current
  • doubling the thermionic emission
  • doubling the quantity of x-ray photons
45
Q

What does the quality of the x ray beam indicate:

A

ability of the photons to penetrate

46
Q

Filtration of the beam results in increased beam;

A

quality

47
Q

To produce x rays, electrons must be

A

Liberated from the cathode, accelerated and suddenly decelerated

48
Q

What focal spot size is measured directly under the anode target?

A

effective

49
Q

T OR F
Wavelength and frequency are indirectly related?

A

True

50
Q

a dual focus tube has how many filaments

A

two, only one is energized at a time

51
Q

Whenever possible, a higher ______ and lower ____ should be used to reduce patient exposure!

A
  • kVp
    -mAs
52
Q

K Shell

A

69.5

53
Q

Which x ray tube component served as a source of electrons for x ray production?

A

The filament

54
Q

The cloud of electrons that forms before x ray production is referred to as:

A

Space Charge

55
Q

The unit used to express tube current:

A

mA

56
Q

Which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x ray in the diagnostic beam?

A

Bremsstrahlung Interactions

Image Processing And Production (4 decks)

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