Ch. 1 Flashcards
When were x-rays discovered?
November 8, 1895
What type of tube was Roentgen working with in his lab when x rays were discovered?
Crooks Tube
Which term could be defined as the instantaneous production of light only during an interaction between a type of energy and some element or compound?
Fluorescence
Barium platinocyandie was the______
fluorescent material that glowed when the tube was energized
The first radiograph produced by Roentgen, of his wife’s hand, required an exposure of:
15 mins
Who’s received the first Nobel prize for physics?
Wilhelm Roentgen
Erythema an early sign of biological damage due to x-ray exposure is:
reddening of the skin
X-rays have which two properties?
Electrical and magnetic
The distance between two successive crest of a sine wave is known as:
wavelength
X rays used in radiography have wavelengths that are measured in:
A) angstroms
B) millimeters
C) hertz
A) angstroms
The frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time. Frequency is measured in:
hertz
What is a correct description of the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of the x-ray photon?
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related
A ____ is a small, discrete bundle of energy.
photon
The speed of light is:
A) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 3 x 10^8 miles per second
B) 3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second
C) 3 x 10^8 miles per second and 186,000 miles per second
3 x 10^8 meters per second and 186,000 miles per second
The electrical energy applied to an x-ray tube will be transformed to:
Heat and x-rays
The Greek symbol lambda represents the x rays:
A) Wavelength
B) speed
C) frequency
D) quantity
A) Wavelength
An angstrom (A) is equal to:
10 > 10 meter
X rays used in radiography have wavelengths ranging from 0.1 to:
1 A
X rays used in radiography have frequencies ranging from 3 x 10^19 to:
A) 3 x 10^18 Hz
B) 3 x 10^8 Hz
C) 3 x 10^10 Hz
3 x 10^18 Hz
The energy of an individual x-ray photon is measured in:
A) frequency
B) wavelength
C) electron volts (eV)
C) electron volts (eV)
An x-ray beam that has photons with many different energies is:
A) homogeneous
B) monoenergetic
C) heterogeneous
C) Heterogeneous
X-rays can:
A) penetrate the human body and be absorbed in the human body
B) penetrate the human body and change direction in the human body
C) be absorbed in the human body and change direction in the human
D) all options are correct
D) all options are correct
What unit is used to measure occupational radiation exposure?
Dose equivalent
What radiation unit is defined as an expression of the relative risk to humans of exposure to ionizing radiation?
effective dose
X-rays are invisible
T OR F
True
X-rays carry a negative charge that causes ionization
false; x rays have no charge and are considered neutral as they are a form of electromagnetic radiation
X-ray, photons travel at the speed of light in a vacuum
true
X Ray photons are capable of traveling around corners
False; they travel in straight lines like other forms of electromagnetic radiation
X-rays can cause certain substances to fluoresce
true
X-rays will change direction in the presence of a strong magnetic field
false because they are neutral electromagnetic radiation and do not carry a charge, meaning they cannot be deflected by magnetic fields
X-rays produce a slight tingling sensation when they enter the body
false
X-rays cannot be focused with a lens
True, because their high energy and short wavelength make them pass through most materials, including glass
It is impossible for x-rays to interact with matter and produce secondary radiation
False, when X-rays interact with matter, they can indeed produce secondary radiation through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, where the interaction with electrons in the material can eject them, creating new, lower-energy photons that are considered secondary radiation.
X-rays can produce ionization of atoms making up cells, causing damage
true, x- rays are a form of ionizing radiation, meaning they have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms within cells, causing ionization and potentially damaging cellular structures, particularly DNA, which can lead to mutations or cell death if the damage is not repaired properly
Screening for pregnancy is an important task for minimizing exposure to a developing fetus.
True
Since the publication of Roentgens scientific paper, no other properties of x ray have been discovered. True or false ?
True
X rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both ______
waves and particles
x Ray radiation is part of which spectrum?
electromagnetic
what is the number of waves passing a given point per unit of time?
frequency
decreasing the wavelength of an x Ray beam will _____ its energy.
increase
Air Kerma
is the amount of energy deposited in a unit mass of air and expressed in units of gray (Gy)
ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
If we decrease the exposure time, what will happen to the photons?
Less Photons
Doubling the mA results in:
- doubling the tube current
- doubling the thermionic emission
- doubling the quantity of x-ray photons
What does the quality of the x ray beam indicate:
ability of the photons to penetrate
Filtration of the beam results in increased beam;
quality
To produce x rays, electrons must be
Liberated from the cathode, accelerated and suddenly decelerated
What focal spot size is measured directly under the anode target?
effective
T OR F
Wavelength and frequency are indirectly related?
True
a dual focus tube has how many filaments
two, only one is energized at a time
Whenever possible, a higher ______ and lower ____ should be used to reduce patient exposure!
- kVp
-mAs
K Shell
69.5
Which x ray tube component served as a source of electrons for x ray production?
The filament
The cloud of electrons that forms before x ray production is referred to as:
Space Charge
The unit used to express tube current:
mA
Which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x ray in the diagnostic beam?
Bremsstrahlung Interactions
