Ch. 1-14 vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
The combination of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, in the atmosphere with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid and their return to Earth’s surface.
A
Acid Deposition
2
Q
Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog.
A
Acid Precipitation
3
Q
Solar energy systems that collect energy through the use of physical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors.
A
Active Solar Energy Systems
4
Q
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
A
Agribusiness
5
Q
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
A
Agricultural Density
6
Q
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
A
Agricultural revolution
7
Q
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
A
Agriculture
8
Q
Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air.
A
Air Pollution
9
Q
Power supplied by people or animals
A
Animate Power
10
Q
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
A
Animism
11
Q
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States.
A
Annexation
12
Q
Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
A
Apartheid
13
Q
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
A
Arithmetic Density
14
Q
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally.
A
Autonomous Religion
15
Q
Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.
A
Balance of power
16
Q
Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.
A
Balkanization
17
Q
A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.
A
Balkanized
18
Q
An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
A
Base line
19
Q
industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
A
Basic industries
20
Q
Amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.
A
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
21
Q
The number of species within a specific habitat.
A
Biodiversity
22
Q
Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.
A
Biomass fuel
23
Q
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices out o fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood.
A
Blockbusting
24
Q
Invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory.
A
Boundary
25
Large-scale emigration by talented people.
Brain drain
26
A large and fundamental division within a religion.
Branch
27
A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another
Break-of-bulk point
28
A nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium.
Breeder reactor
29
The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered standard in the United Kingdom.
British Received Pronunciation (BRP)
30
An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
Bulk-gaining industry
31
An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.
Bulk-reducing industry
32
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
Business services
33
The science of making maps
Cartography
34
The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.
Caste System
35
A complete enumeration of a population.
Census
36
An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.
Census tract
37
The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
Central business district (CBD)
38
A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
Central place
39
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
Central place theory
40
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.
Centripetal Force
41
A grass yielding grain for food.
Cereal grain
42
Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
Chaff
43
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
Chain migration
44
A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.
Chlorofluorocarbon
45
Short term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis
Circulation
46
An Urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.
City
47
A sovereign state comprising a city and is immediate hinterland
City-state
48
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.
Clustered rural settlement
49
An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
Colonialism
50
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
Colony
51
A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
Combine
52
In the United States, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tied together by commuting patterns.
Combined statistical area (CSA)
53
Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
Commercial agriculture
54
A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
Compact state
55
The spread of something over a given area
Concentration
56
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
Concentric zone model
57
Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
Connections
58
The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming it at a less rapid rate than it can be replaced.
Conservation
59
Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.
Consumer services
60
The rapid, widespread diffusion feature or trend throughout a populations.
Contagious diffusion
61
In the united States, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas.
Core based statistical area (CBSA)
62
A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.
Cosmogony
63
Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Cottage industry
64
A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States.
Council of government
65
Net ration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries
Counterurbanization
66
A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
Creole or Creolized language
67
Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
Crop
68
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop o crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
Crop Rotation
69
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
70
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
71
Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
Cultural ecology
72
The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
Cultural landscaping
73
The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.
Culture
74
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.
Custom
75
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
Demographic transition
76
The scientific study if population characteristics
Demography
77
Combination of German and English.
Denglish
78
A division of a branch that unites a number of local religious congregations in a single legal and administrative body.
Denomination
79
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
Density
80
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
Demographic transition
81
The scientific study of population characteristics
Demography
82
Combination of German and English
Denglish
83
A division of a branch that unites a number of local religious congregations in a single legal and administrative body.
denomination
84
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
Density
85
The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.
Density gradient
86
The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
Dependency ratio
87
The degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
Desertification
88
A process of improvement in the material condition of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Development
89
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation.
Dialect
90
The spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another in time
Diffusion
91
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
Dispersed rural settlement
92
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
Distance decay
93
The arrangement of something across Earth's surface
Distribution
94
Harvesting twice a year from the same field
Double cropping
95
the number of years needed to double a population, assuming constant rate of natural increase
Double time
96
Dialect spoken by some African Americans
Ebonics
97
A community's collection of basic industries
Economic base
98
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Ecumene
99
A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
Edge City
100
A state with a long, narrow shape
Elongated state
101
Migration FROM a location
Emigration
102
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century
Enclosure movement
103
A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
Environmental Determinism
104
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiologic transition
105
the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
Epidemiology
106
A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create and ethnically homogeneous region.
Ethnic cleansing
107
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Ethnic religion
108
Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions
Ethnicity
109
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
Expansion diffusion
110
A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used
Extincet language
111
An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental an safety standards.
Fair trade
112
An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government
Federal State
113
Metals, including iron that are utilized in the production of iron and steel
Ferrous
114
A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner-occupancy to abandonment.
Filtering
115
The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy
Fission
116
The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.
Floodplains
117
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
Folk culture
118
Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors
Forced migration
119
Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
Fordist Production
120
Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country
Foreign direct investment
121
An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
Formal region (or uniform or homogeneous region)
122
Energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago
Fossil fuel
123
A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territories
Fragmented state
124
A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language; a combination of FRANCAIS and ANGLAIS, the French words for "French" and "English," respectively
Franglais
125
A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control
Frontier
126
an area organized around a node or focal point
Functional region (or nodal region)
127
The literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect)
Fundamentalism
128
Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium
Fusion
129
Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
130
Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes
Gender-Related Development Index
131
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area.
Gentrification
132
A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
Geographic information system (GIS)
133
Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks
Geothermal energy
134
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefitting the party in power
Gerrymandering
135
During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews, now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.
Ghetto
136
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers..
Global Positioning System (GPS)
137
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
Globalization
138
Seed of a cereal grass
Grain
139
A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
Gravity Model
140
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
Green Revolution
141
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
Greenbelt
142
The anticipated increase in earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface.
Greenhouse effect
143
The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degree longitude.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
144
The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally 1 year.)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
145
Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.
Guest workers
146
A repetitive act performed by a particular individual
Habit
147
The region from which innovative ideas originate
Hearth
148
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
Hierarchical Diffusion
149
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
Hierarchical Religion
150
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Horticulture
151
The outer covering of a seed
Hull
152
An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
Human Development Index (HDI)
153
Power generated from moving water
Hydroelectric power
154
The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents and idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letter in English
Ideograms
155
Migration TO a location
Immigration
156
Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group
Imperialism
157
Power supplied by machines
Inanimate Power
158
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Industrial revolution
159
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
160
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
Intensive subsistence agriculture
161
Permanent movement within a particular country
Internal migration
162
An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
International Date Line
163
Permanent movement from one country to another.
International Migration
164
Permanent movement from one region of a country to another
Interregional Migration
165
A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.
Isogloss
166
A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.
Isolated language
167
An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
Labor-intensive industry
168
A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
Land Ordinance of 1785
169
A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea
Landlocked state
170
A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
Language
171
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family
Language branch
172
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history.
Language family
173
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history
Language group
174
The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.
Latitude
175
A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development
Less Developed Country
176
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Life expectancy
177
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
lingua franca
178
The percentage of a country's people who can read and write
Literacy rate
179
A language that is written as well as spoken
Literacy tradition
180
The position of anything on Earth's surface
Location
181
The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
Longitude
182
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion
Map
183
Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico
Maquiladora
184
The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's good and services.
Market place (or hinterland)
185
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
Medical Revolution
186
A representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual know about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located
Mental Map
187
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles
Meridian
188
in the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
189
An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city
Micropolitan statistical area
190
A state that encompasses a very small land area
Microstate
191
A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location
Migration
192
A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition
Migration Transition
193
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
Milkshed
194
Eight goals established by the United Nations to reduce disparities between more developed countries and less developed countries
Millennium Development Goal
195
An individual who helps diffuse a universalizing religion
missionary
196
All types of movement from one location to another
Mobility
197
The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god
monotheism
198
A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development
More Developed Country (MDC)
199
A state that contains more than one ethnicity
Multiethnic state
200
A state containing two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determinism that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities
multinational state
201
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes or activities
Multiple nuclei model
202
Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
Nationalism
203
Identification with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there
Nationality
204
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
nation-state
205
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
Natural increase rate (NIR)
206
The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration
Net migration
207
The transfer of some types of obs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed countries
New international law of labor
208
Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
Nonbasic industries
209
Metals utilized to make products other than iron and steel
nonferrous
210
A source of energy that is in finite supply and thus capable of being exhausted
Nonrenewable energy
211
The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents
official language
212
A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
outsourcing
213
The number of people in an area exceeding the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard living
overpopulation
214
A gas that absorb s ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the sttratoshpere, a zone between 15 and 50 kilometers from Earth's surface
ozone
215
Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah
Paddy
216
A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times
Pagan
217
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
pandemic
218
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the quator and at right angles to the meridians
Parallel
219
Solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices
passive solar energy systems
220
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
pastoral nomadism
221
Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing
pasture
222
A state that completely surrounds another one
Perforated state
223
A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
Peripheral model
224
An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions
photochemical smog
225
Solar energy cells, usually made from silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity
photovoltaic cells
226
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for land
physiological density
227
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages
Pidgen Language
228
A journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred
pilgrimage
229
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character
Place
230
A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale usually to a more developed country
Plantation
231
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character
Polder
232
The addition of m ore waste than a resource can accomodate
Pollution
233
Belief in or worship of more than one god
polytheistic
234
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics
Popular culture
235
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
Population pyramid
236
The theory that they physical environment may set limits on human actions but that people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
Possibilism
237
The adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks
Post-Fordist production
238
The amount of a resource in deposit not yet identified but thought to exist
Potential reserves
239
The maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible
Preservation
240
In the United States, all of the combined statistical areas plus all of the remaining metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas
Primary census statistical area
241
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
Primary Sector
242
The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
Primate City
243
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
Primate city rule
244
The most productive farmland
Prime agricultural land
245
The meridian, designated as zero longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
Prime Meridian
246
A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States
Principal meridian
247
The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
Productivity
248
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map
Projection
249
An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
Prorupted state
250
The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits
Proven reserve
251
Housing owned by government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Public services
252
A factor that induces people to move to a new location
Pull factor
253
In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year
Quotas
254
Identification with a group of people descended from a common ancestor
Race
255
The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Racism
256
A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism
Racist
257
Materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation, contact with which may be harmful or lethal to people; therefore, the materials must be safely stored for thousands of years.
Radioactive waste
258
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
Ranching
259
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
Range (of service)
260
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
Rank size rule
261
A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field
Reaper
262
The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material
Recycling
263
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries
Redlining
264
People who are forced to migrate from their home conurty and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion
Refugees
265
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat mpa
Region
266
An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area
Regional (or cultural landscape) studies
