Ch 1-10 Review Flashcards
Final:
If the patient is admitted to the ER for serve chest and the doctor orders a supine chest, what can the technologist do to decrease magnification?
increase the SID
Final:
What is Ascites?
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (fluid in abdomen)
Final:
What is the Kvp range for abdomen?
70-80 kvp
Final:
If we are looking for air in the intraabdominal area we are doing this erect to see if the air passes through the:
diaphragm
Final:
Where is xiphoid tip located?
T9-T10
Final:
Where is the greater trochanter located?
at the same level as the pubis symphysis
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Where is the pubis symphysis located at?
same level as the greater trochanter
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Where are the SI joints located at?
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Where is the lower costal margin located at?
L2-L3
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Where is the xiphoid tip located at?
T9-T10
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Where is the mid thorax located at?
T7 *
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Where is the iliac crest located at?
L4-L5
Final:
Where is the sternal angle located at?
T4-T5
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Where is the jugular notch located at?
T2-T3
Final:
Where is the thyroid cartilage located at?
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Where is the ASIS located at?
S1-S2
Final:
What views best display fluid/air levels?
decubitus & erect
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What is the parietal peritoneal?
outer portion of the peritoneal cavity
(covers the abdominal cavity)
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What is the visceral peritoneal?
inner portion of the peritoneal cavity
(covers the organ)
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What makes up 3/5 of the small bowel?
ileum (with an E)
(last “distal” 3/5 of small bowel)
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What makes up 2/5 of the small bowel?
jejunum
(first 2/5 of the small bowel)
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What is in the LUQ?
spleen
stomach
left colic (splenic) flexure
tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
Final:
What is in the RUQ?
liver
gallbladder
right colic flexure
duodenum (c-loop)
head of pancreas
right kidney
right suprarenal gland
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What is in the LLQ?
descending colon
sigmoid colon
2/3 of jejunum
Final:
What is in the RLQ?
ascending colon
appendix
cecum
2/3 of ileum
ileocecal valve
Final:
What are the nine abdominal regions?
- right hypogastric
- epigastric
- left hypogastric
- right lateral (lumbar)
- umbilical
- left lateral (lumbar)
- right inguinal (iliac)
- pubic
- left inguinal (iliac)
Final:
What is peristalsis?
involuntary muscles that help move food through the intestines *
Final:
What is the difference between duodenal valve & the duodenal bulb?
duodenal bulb is the proximal portion of duodenum *
Final:
What is CR for erect abdomen?
2 inches above iliac crest
Final:
What is the CR for decubitus abdomen?
2 “ above iliac crest
(let position sit roughly 5 mins, so fluids move)
Final:
What is CR for supine abdomen?
at iliac crest
Final:
What is the normal order for abdomen series?
PA chest, erect abdomen, supine abdomen *
Final:
If we want to minimize motion we would:
shorten the exposure time
Final:
Long scale is:
We use long scale on?
low contrast (more greys)
abdomen x-rays
Final:
Short scale is:
What would we use short scale on?
high contrast (black& white’s)
extremities
Final:
How much do we oblique for a mortise ankle?
why do we do this?
15-20
to create some space in the ankle joint, and even out the malleoli
Final:
How much do we oblique for a normal ankle projection?
why do we do this?
45 internal (medial) oblique
Final:
What are the tarsal bones?
Talus
Calcaneus
navicular (distal to talus)
Cuboid (distal to calcaneus)
medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform *
Final:
What is medial to the cuboid bone?
navicular
lateral cuneiform
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What is proximal to the navicular?
talus
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What is superior to the calcaneus?
Talus
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What view shows the medial cuneiform free of superimposition?
30-40 degree medial oblique of foot *
Final:
What view shows the sinus tarsi?
30-40 degree medial oblique of foot *
Final:
Where is the plantar surface of the foot?
posterior part of the foot (sole)
“stepped on a plant”
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Where is the dorsum surface of the foot?
anterior portion of the foot
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What is dorsiflexion?
foot flexed upwards (anteriorly)
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What is plantarflexion?
foot flexed downward (posteriorly)
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What is a mediolateral projection?
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what is lateromedial projection?
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What are the views for calcaneus?
Lateral & Axial (40 cephalic towards the midline of the foot) *
Final:
if there is suspected pneumothorax in the right lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
left lateral decubitus
(air side up)
(mark side up)
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if there is suspected hemothorax in the right lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
right lateral decubitus
(fluid side down)
mark side up
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if there is suspected pneumothorax in the left lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
right lateral decubitus
(air side up)
Mark side up
Final:
if there is suspected hemothorax in the left lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
left lateral decubitus
(fluid side down)
mark side up
Final:
What is the hypostenic?
not wide lungs, but long in vertical dimensions but narrow
(35% of population)
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What is sthenic?
average build
(50% of population)
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What is hyperstenic?
wide lungs, shallow in vertical dimensions
(5% of population)
Final:
The CR must always be in the center of the ____ _____
image receptor
Final:
For chest x-rays we expose on the ______ _______
second inspiration
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What is the mediastinum?
middle portion of the thoracic cavity
thymus gland
heart and great vessels
trachea
esophagus
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What is the hilum?
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Where does the trachea bifurcate?
carina *
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What does the trachea bifurcate into?
left & right bronchi *
Final:
What view shows the possible calcification underneath the clavicles?
lordotic *
Final:
What is the name for shortness of breath?
dyspnea *
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What is the CR for chest?
PA?
AP?
T7
PA: 7-8 inches from vertebral prominens
AP: 3-4 inches below jugular notch
Final:
What can be found in the mediastinum?
thymus gland
heart and great blood vessels
trachea
esophagus
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What is density and contrast controlled by?
contrast is controlled by kV
density is controlled by mAs
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What does the femur articulate with proximally & distally?
proximally: Acetabulum *
distally:
Final:
Where is the abductor tubercle located at?
posterior femur above the medial epicondyles
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When do you see the olecranon process?
Lateral
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What is the positioning for Coyle for the radial head?
90-degree flexion of arm
45-degree angle toward the head
arm in lateral karate chop *
Final:
What is the positioning for Coyle view for the coronoid process?
80-degree flexion of arm
45 degrees away from the head
elbow in lateral w/ karate chop *
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What views replace the internal and external obliques?
coyle view *
Final:
What are the forearm views?
AP & Lat *
Final:
What are the carpal bones?
Scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate *
Final:
Sims position:
“simp position” *
Final:
Fowlers position:
head above the feet
recumbent
(howlers position) *
Final:
Trendelenburg position:
feet above the head
recumbent *
Final:
LAO position:
left anterior oblique
(PA projection)
Final:
RAO position:
right anterior oblique
(PA projection)
Final:
LPO position:
left posterior oblique
(AP projection)
Final:
RPO position:
right posterior oblique
(AP projection)
Final:
Inversion:
AKA?
Inward turning/bending of the ankle
aka Varus *
Final:
Eversion:
AKA?
outward turning/bending of ankle
aka valgus *
Final:
what is Osgood Slatter?
inflammation of bone/cartilage of anterior proximal tibia (tibial tuberosity)
most common in boys 10-15
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What is gout?
form of arthritis
excessive quantities of blood in the joint
most common in the first MTP joint
Final:
What is Pott’s fx?
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What is mobile radiography?
portable x-rays *
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What are the portions of the acetabulum?
inferior: pubis *
Superior: ilium *
Posterior: ischium *
Final:
When do we do the Judet views?
Final:
What does the ___ Judet view show?
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What does the Judet view show?
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What is the sagittal plane?
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What is the midsagittal plane?
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What is the coronal plane?
What is the mid-coronal plane?
Final:
What is the transverse plane?
Final:
What is the axiolateral inferosuperior projection?
What is another name for this?
cross table hip
Danielus-Miller
Final:
What does merchant knee view show?
Final:
What does settegast view show?
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What does the hombland view show?
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What does Coventry view show?
Final:
What view do we use for carpal tunnel?
What do we see?
Gaynor hart view *
Hook of the hamate *
Final:
What are the wrist views?
PA
oblique
lateral
Scaphoid (15 degrees cephalic “into shoulder” + ulnar deviation)
Final:
What view/rotation shows the scaphoid free of superimposition?
ulnar deviation
Final:
What is the DIP joint in the hand?
distal interphalangeal joints
hinge or ginglymus *
Final:
What are the PIP joints in the hand?
proximal interphalangeal joints
hinge or ginglymus *
Final:
What are the views for hand?
PA
Oblique
Fan lateral *
Final review:
How many degrees are the medial and lateral condyles of the femur are separated from each other?
Which condyle extends more distally?
5-7 degrees
medial extends more distally than lateral
(why we angle for knees)
Final review:
What does the femur articulate with distally?
proximally?
Tibia & patella
Acetabulum
Final:
Why do the IP joints have to be parallel to the image receptor?
we want to see the joint spaces
Final review:
What is osteoporosis?
How does it appear on an x-ray?
What demographic is it most common in?
reduction in bone
more radiolucent (whiter)
common in geriatric patients
Final:
What view shows the lateral displacement?
AP projection
Final review:
What is the CR for inlet?
What is the CR for outlet?
40 degrees caudad & CR ASIS
20-35 cephalic (men) 30-45 degrees cephalic (women) & CR 1-2 inches inferior to pubis symphysis
Final review:
The outlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
The inlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
inferior (inferior aperture)
superior (superior aperture)
Final:
What is the view that shows an anterior/posterior displacement?
Lateral projection
Final review:
What are other names for cross table?
axiolateral-inferosuperior
Danelius-miller projection
Final review:
For Nakayama why is the angle 15-20 degrees horizontally?
Patient is unable to rotate 15-20 degrees internally due to trauma
Final:
What is the name of the AP thumb position?
Roberts view
Final review:
The right posterior oblique of the right acetabulum would be:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the left acetabulum would be:
This show?
downside Judet
D: anterior rim of the acetabulum & posterior ilioschial column
Final review:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the right acetabulum would be:
The right posterior oblique (RPO) of the left acetabulum would be:
This shows?
Upside Judet (for both)
U: posterior rim of the acetabulum & anterior iliopubic column
Final:
What is spondylosis?
fx in the Pars interarticularis *
Final review:
What is Lordosis?
What is Scoliosis?
What is Kyphosis?
what is concave?
what is convex?
increased concavity (lumbar)
exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine
increased (exaggerated) convexity
rounded inward
rounded outward
Final review:
Cervical is what type of curve?
Thoracic is what type of curve?
lumbar is what type of curve?
sacrum (sacral) is what type of curve?
first compensatory curve (concave)
first primary curve (convex)
second compensatory curve (concave)
second primary curve (convex)
Final review:
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What is spondythesis?
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What is the CR for AP lumbar?
iliac crest *
Final review:
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What is the ear of the scottie dog?
superior articular process *
Final review:
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Final:
What is the nose of the scottie dog?
transverse process *
Final review:
Final:
What is the eye of the scottie dog?
Pedicle *
Final review:
Final:
What is the feet of the scottie dog?
inferior articular process *
Final review:
Final:
What is the neck of the scottie dog?
Pars interarticularis *
Final review:
Final:
What is the body of the scottie dog?
Laminae *
Final review:
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Final:
When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too anterior what is the cause?
How do we fix it?
under rotated (too AP/anterior)
oblique the patient more
Final:
What is the tail of the scottie dog?
Spinous process *
Final:
What does the cervical oblique show?
How much oblique?
foramen *
Final:
When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too posterior what is the cause?
How do we fix it?
over rotated (too lateral)
oblique less
Final:
What does thoracic oblique show?
How much oblique?
Zygapophyseal joints
70-75 oblique *
Final:
What does lateral cervical show?
zygapophyseal joint
Final:
what does lateral thoracic show?
foramen *
Final:
What is the CR & angle for oblique SI joints?
Final:
what does lumbar oblique show?
How much oblique?
zygapophyseal joint
45 degree oblique *
Final:
What does lateral lumbar show?
Foramen *
Final:
What is CR & angle for AP SI joints?
What is best shown?
Final:
What rotation best shows the greater trochanter in profile?
Final:
What part of the rib attaches to the vertebrae?
head of the rib
Final:
what part of the rib attaches to the transverse process?
tubercle of the rib
Final:
What view best shows the lesser trochanters in profile?
Final:
When are the views for the SC joints?
PA + LAO/RAO oblique
Final:
When in a RAO position, what SC joint is best displayed?
right SC joint (downside)
Final:
Posterior rib pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?
AP
Downside (side that’s down)
Final:
When in LAO position, what SC joint is best displayed?
left SC joint (downside)
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Anterior rib pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?
PA
Upside
Final review:
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Patient walks in the ER with anterior left upper rib pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?
RAO
PA projection
Final review:
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Patient walks in the ER with right anterior rib pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?
What is the side of interest?
LAO
PA
Upside ribs
Final review:
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Patient walks in the ER with left lower posterior rib pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?
LPO
AP projection
Final review:
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Patient walks in the ER with right lower posterior rib pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?
RPO
AP projection
Final:
RAO best shows what rib axillary?
left axillary
Final:
LPO shows what rib axillary?
left axillary
Final:
RPO best shows what rib axillary?
right axillary
Final:
LAO best shows what rib axillary?
right axillary
Final:
If patient is in a RPO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
right posterior pain
(AP = side down)
Final:
If patient is in a LPO position what rib pain are they experiencing?
Left posterior pain
(AP = side down)
Final:
If patient is in a LAO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
right anterior pain
(PA = Away)
Final:
If patient is in a RAO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
left anterior pain
(PA = Away)
Final:
What makes up the zygapophyseal joint?
inferior and superior articular processes
Final:
Where is the laminae located?
Final:
where is the pedicle located?
Final:
When do you see the lesser tubercle?
Final:
When do you see the greater tubercle?
Final:
When do you see the first two cervical vertebrae in an AP projection?
AP open mouth *
Final:
What view shows the zygapophyseal joints 2-7?
lateral c spine
Final:
Where is the foramen magnum?
Final:
When do you use the fuch’s method for cervical?
Final:
What does the superior articular facets of the atlas articulate with?
Final:
(t/f)
we use sandbag for a lateral cervical spine to bring the shoulders down.
When would we not use them?
true
in cases of trauma
Final:
What line do we use to line up the incisors to the right level? (23:08)
Final:
What is parallel to the image receptor in the Danielus-Miller?
femoral neck *
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an RPO?
left foramen
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an RAO?
left foramen
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an LAO?
right foramen
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an LPO?
right foramen
Final:
What are the views for the sternum?
What is the obliquity?
PA + RAO
15-20 AO
Final:
What is the oblique for SC joints?
10-15 AO
Final:
What is a modified cleaves?
Final:
If we want to rule out subluxation fx of the cervical spine what view is this best displayed in?
lateral c-spine
Final:
What is the Cr for transthoracic?
surgical neck *
Final:
What is the positions for humerus?
What are the rotations?
AP (external rotation)
Lat (interior rotation)
Final:
What are the views for the shoulder?
Internal (internal rotation)
Grashey (external rotation)
Y-view ()
Axillary (inferosuperior) *
Final:
If you are in an external rotation how are the elbow epicondyles to the IR?
parallel to the IR
Final:
If you and in an internal position how are your elbow epicondyles to the image receptor?
perpendicular to the IR
Final:
What is the CR for grashey?
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What is the CR for internal shoulder?
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What is the CR for Y view?
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What is the CR for axillary? (inferosuperior)
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What is the difference between the medial & lateral epicondyle of the femur? (degree difference)
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What is a palpable landmark for pelvis?
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What view best displays a pelvic ring fx for a true pelvis?
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What view would be best shown for a rami fx?
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What is best displayed in a oblique foot?
sinus tarsi *
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Final review:
Proximal Carpal bones
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
Final review:
distal proximal bones
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
Final review:
what does radius articulate with distally?
scaphoid and lunate carpal bones
Final review:
The capitulum is part of what bone?
distal humerus
Final review:
What view causes ulna & radius cross over?
internal elbow
(also PA forearm)
Final review:
Lateral fracture best displayed in?
AP
Final review:
What view shows the radius and ulna in slight superimposition?
AP
Either elbow or forearm
Final review:
What is the first CMC joint?
Sellar (saddle) joint
Final review:
What demonstrates the scaphoid best?
Scaphoid view
15 degrees into the elbow + ulna deviation
Final review:
What view shows arthritis in the hand?
Ball catcher
Final review:
What view best displays the hook of the hamate (hamulus)?
Gaynor hart (best for carpal tunnel)
25 to 30 degrees 1 inch distal to 3rd MCP
Final review:
What is smiths fx?
Final review:
What is a colles fx?
Final review:
How many phalanx on thumb?
How many phalanx on the digits 2-5?
thumb: 2 distal and proximal
2-5: 3 distal, middle, proximal
Final review:
Where is the olecranon process located at?
What is it best shown in?
posterior (+ inferior) ulna
lateral elbow
Final review:
Elbow is in a lateral position, the process of the ulna that inserts into the fossa that is on the distal anterior aspect of the humerus is?
Coronoid process
Final review:
Elbow is in a lateral position, the process of the ulna that inserts into the fossa that is on the distal posterior aspect of the humerus is?
olecranon process
Final review:
How many IP joints per each finger?
Thumb: 1
2-5: 2
Final review:
Where is the coronoid process located?
What is best shown in?
anterior (+ inferior) ulna
internal
Final review:
How are epicondyles for each one of these elbow projections?
AP, EXT, INT, LAT
AP: parallel
INT + EXT: Oblique
Lat: Perpendicular
Final review:
What does ICER stand for?
I + C = internal + coronoid
E + R = external + radial head
Final review:
What replaces AP elbow?
2 views/projections
Forearm parallel + humerus parallel
Final review:
What view do you see fat pads on?
what are the 3 fat pads?
lateral
anterior, posterior, and supinator fat stripe
Final review:
Internal elbow oblique shows:
how are the ulna and radius?
Coronoid process + trochlea
(radius & ulna superimposed)
Final review:
External elbow oblique shows:
how are the ulna and radius?
radial head + capitulum
(radius + ulna free of superimposition)
Final review:
Where is the olecranon fossa located?
Final review:
where is the coronoid fossa located?
distal anterior humerus ?
Final review:
Where is the radial notch located?
ulna
(proximal)
Final review:
Where is the ulna notch located?
radius
(distal)
Final review:
Coyle for radial head positioning:
45 degree Towards the head (shoulder)
90 degree flex of arm
Final review:
Coyle for Coronoid process:
45 degree away from the head (shoulder)
80 degree flexion of arm
Final review:
Wrist fx causing radius to displace posteriorly:
Colles fracture *
Final review:
Wrist fx causing radius to displace anteriorly:
Smiths fx *
Final review:
AP forearm projection, radius and ulna proximal crossover is prevented by doing:
supination of the hand
Final review:
How many fossa’s on the scapula?
What are the names?
4
Supraspinous fossa: (superior & posterior
Infraspinous fossa: (inferior & posterior)
Subscapular fossa: (anterior (ventral)
Glenoid fossa: (lateral, anterior)
Final review:
Where is the SC joint?
Medial or lateral extremity?
What does SC joint articulate with?
between the sternum & clavicle
medial extremity
Manubrium
Final review:
Where is the AC joint?
M or L extremity?
between the acromion & clavicle
lateral extremity
Final review:
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
What are the angles?
Superior, vertebral (medial), & axillary (lateral) border
superior & inferior angle
Final review:
Y view of the scapula shows what?
Where at?
lateral view of scapula
coracoid process (right)
Acromion (left)
inferior angle
spine of scapula
body of scapula
Final review:
What does external shoulder show?
how are the epicondyles?
how is the hand?
greater tubercle
parallel
supinated
Final review:
What does internal shoulder show?
how are the epicondyles?
how is the hand?
lesser tubercle
perpendicular to the IR
pronated
Final review:
How do we get the humerus in lateral view?
& AP?
Lat: internal
AP: external
Final review:
What is the oblique for grashey?
What is the oblique + angle for Y view (Neer)?
G: 45 degree oblique (PO)
Y: 45-60 degrees (AO) + 10-15 caudad
Final review:
What’s the CR for transthoracic (humerus trauma view)?
surgical neck
Final review:
How many views for clavicle?
What is the angle?
2 views, AP + Axial
AP: mid- clavicle
Axial: 15-30 cephalic (25-30 asthenic / 15-20 hypersthenic)
Final review:
When do we perform the neutral rotation of the humerus?
trauma cases
Final review:
The scapular notch is located on what part of the scapula?
When performing the west point projection (inferosuperior axillary) this is free of superimposition? Other axillary direction?
Where do the medial and lateral borders of the scapula meet?
superior border
coracoid process (acromion?)
inferior angle
Final review:
What is the flattened triangular part on the scapula?
Acromion
Final review:
What is adduction?
What is abduction?
ADD: moving towards midline of the body
ABD: moving away from the midline of the body
Final review:
What is the fossa on the distal anterior portion of the humerus?
What is the fossa of the distal posterior portion of the humerus?
anterior: Coronoid fossa
posterior: Olecranon fossa
Final review:
What does GELI stand for?
G + E = greater + external rotation
L + I = lesser + internal rotation
Final review:
what consists in the shoulder girdle?
how is the scapula in the supraspinatus view (Neer/Y) to the IR?
(t/f) we use a breathing technique for transthoracic lateral projection
Clavicle + scapula (not humerus)
lateral
True (full inspiration)
Final review:
Where is the glenoid fossa located?
Where is the radial fossa located?
between scapula and humerus
distal anterior humerus (superior to capitulum)
Final review:
Which ankle Malleoli is superior?
Medial Malleoli
Final review:
Final review:
Which tarsal bone makes up the mortise?
Talus
Final review:
Final review:
Which rotation has the intermalleolar line parallel to the IR?
AP Mortise ankle
15-20 degree internal/medial rotation
Final review:
What is the difference between a mortise and an oblique ankle?
Mortise is rotated 15-20 degrees medially
Oblique ankle is rotated 45 degrees
Final review:
If we are looking for a foreign body do we angle the central ray?
Why?
No, an angle can distort the object and elongate it
Final review:
How many views for the calcaneus?
What are the names?
2 views
Plantodorsal Axial Calcaneus
Lateral Calcaneus
Final review:
The most posterior part of the calcaneus would be?
A. Sinus Tarsi
B. Tuberosity
C. Trochlear
D. Peritoneal
B. Tuberosity
Final review:
Medial oblique foot would show:
The lateral oblique foot best shows?
M: sinus tarsi free of superimposition
(cuboid free of superimposition)
L: The base of the first metatarsal
Final review:
Wha is Osgood Slatter?
inflammation of bone/cartilage of anterior proximal tibia (tibial tuberosity)
most common in boys 10-15
Final review:
Lateral foot the plantar surface is ____ to the IR?
How about standing?
Perpendicular supine
Parallel for standing
Final review:
The superior calcaneus articulation with the Talus forms:
subtalar joint
Final review:
When would you best see a medial displacement fracture?
(bone protruding towards medial side)
If there’s a posterior displacement, what view would best display that?
AP view
Lateral
Final review:
Which views do we use for patella?
Inferosuperior
Hughston
Settegast
Merchant
(Mayo uses Merchant)
Final review:
The placement of the top border of the IR should extend at least ___ inches from the knee joint to avoid being projected off due to beam divergence:
A. 4 - 4 1/2 inches
B. 3 - 3 1/2 inches
C. 2 - 2 1/2 inches
D. 1 - 1 1/2 inches
D.
1 - 1 1/2 inches
Final review:
Which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is the complete relaxation of the quadricep require for an accurate diagnosis?
1. Supine flexion 45 degrees (merchant)
2. Prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast)
3. Prone flexion 55 degrees (hughston)
- Supine flexion 45 degrees
(supine keyword, relaxes the Quads)
Final review:
What views do we use for intercondylar fossa?
Rosenburg
(PA flexion- for tunnel view)
Final review:
If we are looking to see arthritic changes (arthritis) in the knee we want to see it:
1. recumbent
2. Erect
3. Merchant
which projections are performed with the tube face is angled and parallel to the flexed tibia?
A. Hughston
B. Merchant
C. Axial intercondylar fossa (BeClere)
D. Settegast
AP erect
(we want weight bearing)
C. BeClere
Final review:
What is considered a shock absorber between the femoral condyle and the tibial articular cassette?
Meniscus
Final review:
What knee oblique shows the proximal tibiofibular joint?
Internal/ medial oblique
(shows the head/neck of fibula free of superimposition)
Final review:
What is proximal to the tibial plateau?
A. The tibia condyles
B. The tibial tuberosity
C. intercondylar fossa
C. Intercondylar fossa
Final review:
In a lateral projection of a normal knee:
1. The fibular head should be somewhat superimposed on the tibia
2. The patellofemoral joint should be visualized
3. The femoral condyles should be superimposed
1, 2 & 3
Final review:
What is another name for PA Axial view?
What does it best show?
Rosenberg
Intercondylar fossa
Final review:
The Osgood Schlatter disease is limited to this location?
This is the name o the fossa on the distal posterior femur?
What is the largest Tarsal?
What is the smallest?
Sustentaculum tali is found on the:
Tibial tuberosity
Intercondylar fossa
Largest: Calcaneus
Smallest: intermediate cuneiform
Calcaneus
Final review:
Another name for big toe?
The CR should be this to the IR when the patient is 21 cm from ASIS to tabletop for knee projection?
Hallux
no angle or 0 degrees
or Perpendicular
Final review:
What are the 3 alternative tunnel view projections for knees?
What are the 3 sunrise views?
Tunnel:
Camp Coventry
Holmblad
Beclere method
Sunrise:
Inferosuperior
Hughston
Settegast
(Mayo’s way is (superioinferior)
Final review:
what should be parallel to the image receptor when performing an inferosuperior axial hip? (cross table)
A. Knee joint
B. Central Ray
C. Tube Face
D. Femoral epicondyles
C. Tube Face
Final review:
What are palpable landmarks on a pelvis?
1. Greater Trochanter
2. Pubis symphysis
3. Femoral Neck
4. Iliac Crest
1,2,4
Femoral neck is not one of them
Final review:
what is the superior portion of the hip?
What is the posterior portion of the hip?
What is the anterior portion of the hip?
Superior: Ilium
Posterior: Ischium (itchy bum)
Anterior: Pubis
Final review:
(t/f)
In an AP axial projection (frog) the femoral neck is parallel to the image receptor
How many degrees?
Vertically or horizontally?
True
30-40 degrees
Vertically
(Book says 40-45)
Final review:
Is the Acetabulum in the Ilium, pubis, or ischium?
all three
The joint is separated into anterior, posterior, and superior portions.
Final review:
How much do you oblique for Judet views?
What do you see on the upside of the Judet views?
What do you see on the downside Judet view?
45 degrees
LPO/ RPO
U: posterior rim of the acetabulum & anterior iliopubic column
D: anterior rim of the acetabulum & posterior ilioschial column
Final review:
What is the main difference between a female pelvis and a male pelvis?
Male <90 shaped like a heart (acute)
Female >90 (obtuse)
Final review:
what part of the innominate bone (Hip bone) makes up the obturator foramen (hole)?
Ischium & pubis
(posterior + anterior meet)
Final review:
What view/rotation best shows the lesser trochanters in profile?
What view/rotation best shows the greater trochanter in profile?
lesser: external oblique
greater: internal oblique
Final review:
Where is the adductor tubercle located?
distal medial femur
(Near medial epicondyle)
