CH 08 Flashcards
What is attention and focus?
the ability to focus attention on task-relevant cues and to control distraction is a skill that can be learned and that improves with increased experience
What is task irrelevant?
when the coach tells you everything your’e doing wrong & thats all you think ab/focus on when youre playing
What is task relevant?
- opposite of irrelevant
- when coach compliments you & you think positively during the game
What does attention mean?
the processing of both environmental and internal cues that come to awareness
What is selective attention?
- the ability to inhibit awareness of some stimuli
in order to process others - commonly referred to by athletes as their level of focus
- is the suppression of task-irrelevant stimuli and thoughts
What is a routine?
adoption of a ritual or mental checklist
What are the 4 quadrants of attention focus?
- assess
- analyze
- act
- prepare
What are the relaxation techniques to control elevated arousal and anxiety?
- diaphragmatic breathing
- progressive muscular relaxation (PMR)
- autogenic training
- systematic desensitation
What is diaphragmatic breathing?
focuses thought on breathing and clears the mind and therefore increases concentration
What is progressive muscular relaxation (PMR)?
by going through a series of alternate muscular tensing and relaxing phases, the athlete learns to become aware of somatic tension and thereby to control it
What is systematic desensitization?
combines mental and physical techniques that allow the athlete to replace a fear response with a relaxation response
- EX: getting reps in ahead of time, and doing drills to mimic game time situations
What is autogenic training?
the PMR cycle for each muscle group is replaced with an attentional state that focuses on the sense of warmth and heaviness for a particular limb or muscle group
How should athletes use arousal techniques?
- employ arousal reduction techniques when performing a new skill/complex skill
- should employ arousal enhancement when executing simple skills or ones that are well learned
- purpose of employing techniques is to allow the athlete to perform with an unburdened mind while matching mental state to physical intensity of demands of task
What is imagery?
- cognitive psychological skill in which the athlete uses all the senses to create a mental experience of an athletic performance
- allows athletes to get used to uncertain environments over longer periods of time despite minimal real-world competitive opportunity
- good way for the athlete to practice systematic desensitization if don’t actually have time for it
What is self-confidence?
the belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior
What is self-efficacy?
- a situationally specific form of self-confidence
- the perception of one’s ability to perform a given task in a specific situation
What are factors that can determine self-efficacy?
- performance accomplishments
- vicarious experiences
- verbal persuasion
- imaginable experience
- physiological states
- emotional states
What does self-efficacy influence?
- peoples choice of activity
- level of effort
- how persistent they will be in face of challenging obstacles
What is self-talk?
- the things we say to ourself (out loud or in head) whether positive, negative, or instructional
- technique used to enhance self-efficacy, aid in directing proper focus, assist in regulating arousal levels, & reinforce motivation
What do relaxation techniques do & when?
- designed to reduce physiological arousal & increase task-relevant focus
- important for when one is executing complex or novel tasks or performing in high-pressure situations
What are the parts of goal setting?
- process goal: athlete has control of
- outcome goal: athlete has little control (EX: winning)
- short-term goal: increase likely hood of successes, relatively close to athlete’s present ability level
- long-term goal: provide relevance to short-term goals (can be process or outcome goal related)
What are guidelines for goal setting?
- long-term goals & short-term goals are interdependent
- long-term goals provide a sense of meaningfulness for pursuing short-term goals
- attainment of short-term goals provides a hierarchical sense of mastery and success that builds self-confidence
- athletes should define process goals to focus on elements of their performance over which they have control
What is whole vs. part practice?
- whole practice: addresses a skill in its entirety (better if no good break between segments)
- part practice: separates the skill into subcomponents (either segmentation, fractionalization, simplification, pure-part, progressive-part, repetitive part)
What is segmentation (part practice)?
breaks the task into subcomponents that have clear breaks between each segment
