CGH

Question 1

Alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA

Answer 1

Copy-number variations (CNVs)

Question 2

Amplifications and deletions can contribute to ___

Answer 2

tumorigenesis

Question 3

___ is the most common change seen in malignancies

Answer 3

Amplification

Question 4

T/F: Detection and mapping provides an approach to associate an aberration with a disease phenotype and localising critical genes-Biomarkers and can be done by FISH and CGH

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T/F: CGH is to body fluids, FISH is to solid tumors

Answer 5

F (CGH = solid tumors; FISH = body fluids)

Question 6

T/F: CGH is a pre-FISH technique

Answer 6

T

Question 7

A molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes (gains/losses) in the DNA content of a given subject’s DNA and often in tumor cells

Answer 7

CGH or CMA

Question 8

CGH was first described in ___ by ___ et al.

Answer 8

1993, Kallioniemi

Question 9

T/F: CGH cannot detect balanced changes such as substitutions, translocations, and inversions

Answer 9

T

Question 10

In CGH method, DNA are unwrapped to single-stranded structures via ___ treatment

Answer 10

Alkaline

Question 11

A special FISH technique that is applied for detecting all genomic imbalances

Answer 11

CGH

Question 12

The basics of CGH is comparison of total genomic DNA of the given ___ ___ with total genomic DNA of ___ ___

Answer 12

sample DNA
normal cells

Question 13

A fluorescent microscope equipped with a ___ ___ ___ camera and an image analysis system are used for evaluation

Answer 13

Charge coupled device (CCD)

Question 14

Used to determine copy number alterations of genome in cancer and those cells whose karyotype is hard or impossible to prepare or analyze

Answer 14

CGH

Question 15

T/F: CGH will detect only unbalanced chromosomal changes

Answer 15

T

Question 16

T/F: Structural chromosome aberrations such as balanced reciprocal translocations or inversions can not be detected by CGH, as they do not change the copy number

Answer 16

T

Question 17

CGH is based on ___-___ of two differentially labeled genomic DNAs to human metaphase chromosome spreads

Answer 17

onco-hybridization

Question 18

The metaphase spreads used in CGH are usually prepared from ___ ___ ___ of a healthy donor

Answer 18

peripheral blood lymphocytes

Question 19

The signal intensity ratios of the two labels along the chromosomes then reflect DNA copy number changes in the test genome relative to the reference genome, wherein the resolution is limited to about __ to __ Mb

Answer 19

3-10

Question 20

Color of FITC

Answer 20

Green

Question 21

Color of TRITC

Answer 21

Red

Question 22

The genomes are combined with an excess of ___-_ DNA and hybridised to metaphase chrmosomes

Answer 22

cot 1

Question 23

___ hybridization due to repetitive DNA sequences is a common problem in assays

Answer 23

background

Question 24

___-_ DNA blocking reagent blocks repetitive DNA sequences and prevents nonspecific hybridization

Answer 24

Cot-1

Question 25

A gain of a chromosomal region in the test sample would result in an increased intensity of ___ fluorescence

Answer 25

green

Question 26

A loss within a chromosomal region in the tumor would be indicated by a shift towards ___ intensities

Answer 26

red

Question 27

___ analysis software measures fluorescence intensity values along the length of the chromosomes and translates the ratios into chromosome profiles

Answer 27

CGH

Question 28

The ratio of green to red fluorescence values is used to quantitate ___ ___ in tumor samples

Answer 28

genetic imbalances