Dipylidium caninum - common name - where it's mainly found and in what species - geographic distribution - IH or paratenic hosts if any

- cucumber seed tapeworm - found in SI of dogs and cats, sometimes humans (mostly kids) - distribution is worldwide - IH are fleas and the dog louse

- large group of tapeworms, cyclophylidan (no uterine pore) - they get very large in size - they have hooks on scolex so they are armed - DH: are usually dogs and cats - IH: usually rodents or ruminants

Taenia ovis - common name - where it's commonly found and in what species - distribution - IH or paratenic hosts if any

- mutton tapeworm / measly tapeworm - SI of dogs - not mentioned - IH: sheep and goats

Cestodes = Tapeworms Flashcards by Melissa Feldman

Dipylidium caninum

common name
where it’s mainly found and in what species
geographic distribution
IH or paratenic hosts if any

cucumber seed tapeworm
found in SI of dogs and cats, sometimes humans (mostly kids)
distribution is worldwide
IH are fleas and the dog louse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

Adult and egg characteristics

Adults

have 2 sets of proglottids and a genital pore
have scolex with 4 circular suckers - ARMED

Eggs

have packets containing up to 65 eggs in one packet
best way to diagnose is by rehydrating the proglottid, smash it and look for these packets Bc you can’t see these things in floats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

Life cycle

Adults in SI of the cat/dog release gravid proglottids and are passed in feces
Proglottids rupture - egg packets are released which release individual eggs
Eggs are ingested by IH: larval fleas or louse
A hexacanth embryo matures to cysticercoid once adult flea is on the DH
Reaches infective cysticercoid within 36 hours after flea is on the DH
Flea is ingested by DH, the cysticercoid is digested out and releases scolex which attaches to SI and begins to grow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

Infective stage

Cysticercoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

clinical signs and Pathogenicity

usually no clinical signs
heavier infections will show constipation, diarrhea, pot-bellied appearance and have an itchy pot tom
basically just steal nutrition. They want to kill the IH but not the DH.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

Diagnosis

Will rarely see on fecal float

- best way to diagnose is to take proglottids, mash them up and look for the eggs that way

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum

Treatment and control

Treatment: praziquantel, epsiprantel, fenbendazole
May need to start using higher doses.

Most important is to control for the IH: inside/outside environment, bedding, carpet/rugs, other pets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The two groups of cestodes (tapeworms) and their main traits

Cyclophylidians - true tapeworms
- head attachment organ
- hermaphroditic - no uterine pore
Pseudophylidian - hermaphroditic but have a uterine pore where they emit their eggs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenids

General info

large group of tapeworms, cyclophylidan (no uterine pore)
they get very large in size
they have hooks on scolex so they are armed
DH: are usually dogs and cats
IH: usually rodents or ruminants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

General taeniid lifecycle

Adult tapeworms are attached to SI of DH and release gravid proglottids in feces which rupture and release eggs
IH (rodents, ruminants) ingests eggs which hatch in their intestine And release oncosphere (hexacanth embryo) which penetrate intestinal mucosa and enter circulation
Metacestode (larval stage) develops in various organs or tissues with intent to kill IH
DH infected by ingestion of raw, undercooked meat. Metacestode releases scolex/scolices, attaches to SI and grows to adults

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taeniid infective stage

Metacestode

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is different about taeniids compared to dipylidium caninum?

Taeniids often disintegrate before they make it to the feces as opposed to dipylidium in which you will on occasion find the proglottid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenia ovis

common name
where it’s commonly found and in what species
distribution
IH or paratenic hosts if any

mutton tapeworm / measly tapeworm
SI of dogs
not mentioned
IH: sheep and goats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenia ovis
Adult characteristics

What is the intermediate stage aka Metacestode type?

4 suckers
ARMED
Metacestode: stage develops in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle of IH
intermediate stage is cysticercus,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenia Hydatigena

common name
where it’s found and in what species
IH or paratenic hosts

“ruminant tapeworm of dogs” or “abdominal bladder worm”
SI of dogs
IH: sheep and goats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenia Hydatigena
- adult characteristics

intermediate stage?

larger bladder
4 suckers, ARMED

Metacestode will be found in peritoneal cavity of sheep and goats, frequently attaches to serosal surface of abdominal organs.
- very large, ping pong sized

intermediate stage is a cysticercus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taenia pisiformis

common name
where it’s found and in which species
IH

“rabbit tapeworm”and “abdominal bladder worm”
SI of dogs and foxes
IH: rabbits

Taenia pisiformis

Adult and intermediate stage characteristics
what is the intermediate stage?

4 suckers and ARMED
single scolex
Metacestode is found in peritoneal cavity of rabbits and hares
Metacestode is about the size of a pea
cysticercus is the intermediate stage

Taenia taeniaeformis

common name
where it’s found and in what species
IH

feline Taeniid/strobilocercus of rats
found in SI of cats and other felids
IH: rats and mice

Taenia taeniaeformis
Adult and intermediate stage characteristics
What is unique about its intermediate stage?

4 suckers, ARMED, lacks neck
Metacestode found in liver of rats and mice
metacestodes have a strobilocercus - a single non-invaginate do scolex attached to bladder which is unique

Echinococcus granulosus

common name
where it’s found and in what species
distribution
IH

no common name :(
found in SI of dogs and carnivores
southwestern US
IH: lots of animals including humans

Echinococcus granulosus

Adult and intermediate stage characteristics

4 suckers, ARMED, only 3-4 proglottids
smallest tapeworm you will see
their Metacestode (aka cyst) stage is a unilocular Hydatid cyst with a large fluid filled bladder containing thousands of brood capsules each containing hundreds of scolexes referred to as “Hydatid sand”

Echinococcus multilocularis

where it’s found and in what species
distribution
IH

found in SI of dogs and cats, foxes, coyotes, and wolves
found in US and Canada
IH: rodents and humans

Difference between Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus

Multilocularis has multilocularis Hydatid cysts with a thin wall that buds out instead of a single compartment Hydatid cyst

Echinococcus multilocularis | Adult and intermediate stage characteristics

- adult: 4 suckers, ARMED, only 2 - 6 proglottids - Metacestode found in liver, lungs, brain of rodents and humans. - Metacestode has a multilocular Hydatid cyst containing thousands of brood capsules each containing undress of protoscolices (budding cysts that are not contained)

Taenia multiceps - common name - location it's found and in what species - IH

- "sheep coenurus tapeworm" "Gid/stagger/sturdy bladder worm" - SI of dogs, foxes, coyotes - IH: sheep and goats

Taenia multiceps Adult and intermediate stage characteristics Name an interesting characteristic about the intermediate stage

- 4 suckers, ARMED - Metacestode is found in brain and spinal cord of sheep and goats - the Metacestode has a coenurus (aka a medium sized bladder) that has multiple scolices, so instead of one tapeworm, it can make multiple tapeworms from one bladder

Taenia serialis - common name - where it's found and in what species - IH

- "the rabbit coenurus tapeworm" "subcutaneous bladderworm" - found in the SI of dogs, foxes and coyotes - IH: rabbits and rodents

Taenia serialis Adult and intermediate stage characteristics Name an interesting fact about the intermediate stage

- 4 suckers, ARMED - Metacestode found in SQ and IM connective tissue of rabbits - Metacestode has a coenurus (large fluid filled bladder) filled with hundreds of scolices lined up in rows

How do you diagnose Taeniid tapeworms? How are they treated?

- fecal floatations with high specific gravity. Eggs all look the same so can't determine the species which doesn't matter since the treatment is the same but if you need to know you can just see what IH are in your area and determine that way. - treated: praziquantel, epsiprantel, fenbendazole

Spirometra manosonides - hosts - is it zoonotic? - geographic distribution

- dogs, cats, raccoons - zoonotic! - southern US

Spirometra mansonoides characteristics of: Adult Egg: Metacestodes:

Adults - get large - up to 50 cm. - their repro system has one set/proglottid - has uterine pores - and a scolex with 2 bothria (little hands used for attachments) Eggs - operculate, light brown - contains a ciliates coracidium (larva) just like a fluke. The main difference however is that these eggs will float. FLUKE EGGS SINK. Metacestodes - two stages: procercoid (in 1st IH: usually a copepod) and plerocercoid (in 2nd IH: usually a frog, rat or snake)

Spirometra mansonoides | Life cycle

1. Adults in SI of the cat or dog pass eggs which go in the feces 2. A coracidium develops in the egg and emerges upon contact with water 3. 1st IH - copepod ingests coracidium which then develops procercoid 4. 2nd IH - frog, rat, snake - ingests copepod. The procercoid then develops into a plerocercoid. 5. The plerocercoid then encysts in the muscles of the 2nd IH 6. The 2nd IH is ingested by the DH, is digested out of the muscle and attaches to the SI where it matures into an adult.

Spirometra mansonoides | Clinical signs and pathogenicity

Clinical signs: mostly asymptomatic but may experience vomiting, weight loss and diarrhea It's ZOONOTIC - from ingesting copepod so

Spirometra mansonoides | Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis: fecal float or sedimentation Treatment: praziquantel - difficult to treat, often needs multiple treatments. Requires a large dose. Make sure the scolex comes out or else it will just regrow proglottids Control: preventing predation of 2nd IH by dogs and cats, avoid eating undercooked meat

Diphyllobothrium latum - common name - where it's found and in what species - distribution - IH

- "the broad fish tapeworm" - SI of dogs, cats, bears, humans (fish eating mammals) - Great Lakes area of North America - IH: 1st = copepod 2nd = freshwater fish

Diphyllobothrium latum | Adult and egg characteristics

Adult: up to 30 feet long They are pseudophyllidians so they have a uterine pore and a genital pore. Eggs are operculated

Diphyllobothrium latum | Lifecycle

Just need to know: 1st IH = copepod 2nd IH = fish

Diphyllobothrium latum Clinical signs and pathogenicity Interesting fact about clinical signs

Clinical signs: mostly asymptomatic but may have vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss - zoonotic!! Parasite absorbs large amounts of Vit B12 may create pernicious anemia

Diphyllobothrium latum | Diagnosis and treatment

- fecal flotation Treat with praziquantel