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Parasitology 2 > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy of Cestoda

A
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2
Q

General features of Cestoda

A
  • no sexual dimorphism
  • life cycle indirect with one intermediate host, except for Pseudophyllidea order
  • adults live in small intestine
  • eggs: contain embrionated egg L1 (6-hooked oncosphere) except for D.latum (zygote)
  • infection: per os with L2 except for D.latum(L3)
  • cestodes: infection caused by adults
  • metacestodes:infection caused by larvae in intermediate hosts
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3
Q

Morphology of Cestodes

A
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4
Q

Morphology of Cestodes

A
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5
Q

Morphology of Cestodes

A
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6
Q

The only Cestode that develops with 2 intermediate hosts

A

D.latum

Becomes L1 in the environment, L2 in 1st intermediate host, L3 in 2nd intermediate host (infectious state for final host)

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7
Q

The only cestode producing unembridionated eggs

A

D.latum
Develop in environment to L1

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8
Q

L1 — ?
L2 — ?
L3 — ?

A

L1 = 6-hooked oncosphere
L2 =
L3 = (only in D.latum)

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9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum. Name

A

Broad tapeworm, fish tapeworm
Mainly fishborn (fresh water) disease of human and animals

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10
Q

D.latum. Why is it called broad tapeworm?

A

Width of the segments are much bigger than height

Very characteristic!

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11
Q

D.latum. General characteristic

A
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12
Q

D.latum. Life cycle

A

Egg ->
coracidium (L1) ->
small copepod crustaceans (Cyclops spp.) where procercoid (L2) develops ->
freshwater fish hets infected by eating crustaceans and plerocercoid (L3) develops

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13
Q

D.latum. Prepatent period

A

2-6 weeks, in dogs 11-15 days

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14
Q

D.latum. Pathogenesis, clinical signs

A

Animals: usually asymptomatic
Man: long-lasting infection (decades), often subclinical or mild (e.g. abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting), uptake of vitamin B12 may lead to a macrocytic, megaloblastic anaemia in heavily infected individuals

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15
Q

D.latum. Diagnosis. Treatment

A
  • FEC with sedimentation method
  • examination of proglottids passed in the stool

Treatment: praziquantel

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16
Q

Spirometrosis and sparganosis

A

Caused by plerocercoid of Spirometra spp
The old name of plerocercoid of Spirometra
…..

17
Q

Monieziosis, stilesiosis, thysanosomosis

A

Tapeworm disease of ruminants
Caused by:
Moniezia expansa (dominant, cosmopolitan) up to 6m, width 15 mm
Moniezia benedeni (less common) up to 4 m, width 25 mm in large animals

Thysaniezia giardi
Avitellina centripuncuta
Stilesia globipuncata

18
Q

Morphology of tapeworms …

19
Q

Life cycle:

20
Q

Tape worms of carnivores

A

Echinococcus granulosus - dwarf tapeworm of dogs
Echinococcus multilocularis - dwarf tapeworm of foxes
Dipylidium caninum - cucumber-like tapeworm

Taenia pisiformis (0.3-1.5m)
T. hydatigena (0.5-2.5 m)
T. ( syn. Multiceps) multiceps (0.4-1 m)
T. krabbei (syn. T. cervi) (2-2.5 m)
T. ovis (0.5-1.4 m)
T. crassiceps (0.1-0.2 m) foxes
T. taeniaeformis cat tapeworm (0.2-0.6 m) cat, lynx, red foxes
T. serialis (0.2-0.8 m)
Mesocestoides spp. (M. litteratus, M. lineatus) (0.3-2.5 m)

21
Q

What egg type of tapeworms of carnivores is called?

A

Taenia type egg
- 30-40 micrometers
- oval
- inside 6-hooked oncosphere (L1)

22
Q

Life cycle of tapeworms of carnivores

A

indirect with 1 intermediate host
Infective stage: L2

23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A
  • adult 3-6 mm long
  • 3 (2-6) segments
  • 4 suckers and rostellum
  • lives up to 1 year in anterior half of the small intestine
  • taenia-type eggs
24
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis

A

The dangerous fox tapeworm
Hosts: red foxes, dogs, cats
- adults 2-4 mm long
- 5 segments
- eggs survive 2-3 months in summer, about 8 months in cooler seasons
- 20.000 eggs/segment

25
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A

Flea/double-pore or cucumber seed tapeworm
- adult 20-80 cm long
- two sets of reproductive organs with bilateral genital pores
- in gravies segment 200-300 micrometer sized cocoons of 3-30 eggs

26
Q

Dipylidium caninum. Life cycle

A
  • life cycle indirect
  • intermediate hosts — fleas
  • infection with infected intermediate host
  • PP period: 16-21 days
27
Q

Dipylidium caninum. Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment

A

Clinical signs are rare

Diagnosis: Gracie segment (rice-like) on perinatal skin, fur; PCR

Therapy: praziquantel (5 ml/bwkg), epsiprantel (7,5 ml/bwkg) + flea control

28
Q

Epidemiology.

29
Q

Anoplocephalosis — ?

A

Tapeworm disease of horses and donkeys

30
Q

Anoplocephalosis is caused by ___ ?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna
Anoplocephala (syn. Paranoplocephala) mamillana

31
Q

Anoplocephalosis. Location

A

Specimens of A.perfoliata tend to congregate at the ileocaecal junction, proximal caecum, ileum, ventral colon

32
Q

Anoplocephalosis. Life cycle

A

Indirect
Cysticercoid (L2) develop in moss mites (Oribatidae) within 2-4 months
- PP period: 1-2 months

Parasitology 2 (8 decks)

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