Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

203: Gynaecological pathology, common gynaecological disorders and sexual health > Cervix > Flashcards

Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

Cervix function

A

Junction between uterus and vagina
- Barrier for ascending infection

Holds developing pregnancy

Mucus to facilitate sperm movement

Effaces + dilates in vaginal birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cervix embryology

A

Differentiation of female genital tract occurs at week 8.
- From indifferent stage

Paramesonephros joins midline to form

  • Oviduct
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Upper vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cervical agenesis

A

Absence of the cervix
- Missing cervix and upper vagina

Probably caused by faulty development of the paramesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cervical dysgenesis

A

When the cervix is formed but is deformed and non-functional.

  • Can be fragmented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Portio vaginalis

A

The part of the ectocervix that protrudes into the vagina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nulliparous vs parous cervix

A

Nulliparous (never given birth)

  • Barrel shape
  • Circular external os

Parous

  • Bulky
  • Slit-like external os
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ectocervix histology

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

- Provides acidic environmental post-pubertally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endocervix histology

A

Simple columnar epithelium

  • Production of cervical mucus
  • Protective against bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transformation zone

A

The region between the old sqaumo-columnar junction and the new SCJ.
- Develops during puberty

Composed of metaplastic squamous tissue

In older women, the transformation zone is higher up the cervical canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Composition of stroma of the cervix

A

Mainly collagenous connective tissue

15% smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood supply and drainage of the cervix

A

Descending branch of uterine arteries from internal iliac.

Drained by uterine veins and internal iliac veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the cervix

A

Paramterium drains into

  • Obturator
  • Internal then external iliacs
  • Common iliacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nervous supply of cervix

A

Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)

Pain fibres travel up S2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cervical examinations

A

Speculum
- Opens vaginal canal to assess the cervix

Cervical mucous

Cervical swab/ smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Physiological changes of the cervix during pregnancy

A

Hypertrophy

Softer

Increased vascularity

  • Purple tinge
  • More susceptible to haemorrhage.

Mucus plug

Ectropion

  • Erosion due to oestrogen
  • Can cause spotting/ bleeding during pregnancy

Elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cervical infections

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

Trichomonas Vaginalis

HPV

Thrush

17
Q

Cervical cancer stats

  • Prevalence
  • Incidence
  • Mortality
  • Demographics
A

2nd most common cancer in women

Incidence
- 430K per year

Mortality
>200K deaths

Mainly in LEDCs

18
Q

Predisposing factors to cervical cancer

A

Smoking

Multiple sexual

Immune comprised

Low socio-economic status

19
Q

HPV and cancer

A

Causative type of cervical cancer:

  • 16, 18
  • 31, 33

Increasing in oropharyngeal cancers in women

Male partners with women with cervical cancer have a higher rate of tongue and tonsil cancer

Anal cancer rates higher in women and their partners with CIN

20
Q

CIN

Grades 1-3

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- HPV infects the basement membrane and works its way up.

Grade 1
1/3 of cervical wall

2- 2/3

3- Pull penetration

21
Q

Screening for cervical cytology

  • Age range
  • Regularity
A

25-49
- 3 yearly

50-65
- 5 yearly

Abnormality
- Referred for colposcopy

22
Q

Acetic acid in colposcopy

A

Acid denatures proteins.

When there are a lot of dyskaryotic cells, it makes them white

High grade CIN = very white

23
Q

Iodine in colposcopy

A

Indicative for immature (precancerous tissue)

If tissue is normal
- Dark brown colour change would occur (glycogen)

Abnormal, cells
- Iodine stays yellow in precancerous cells.

24
Q

Cervical treatment treatment for different grades

A

1a
- Cone biopsy/ excision

1b
- Radical hysterectomy/ trachelectomy

2a
- Chemo-radiotherapy.

25
Q

Atrophic vaginalis

A

Inflammation of the vagina due to thinning from lack of oestrogen
- Typically after menopause

203: Gynaecological pathology, common gynaecological disorders and sexual health (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions