Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro Exam I > Cervix > Flashcards

Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

non specific chronic cervicitis - cause and symptom

A

Change in microbiome - loss of acidosis from normal lactobacilli | reddened transformation zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common infections causing cervicitis

A

Gonococcus
chlamydia
mycoplamas
Herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can infections cause in the cervix?

A

atypia on the pap smear - interpretation can be a difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chlamydia - symptoms

A

man - white urethral discharge w/ or w/o pain, swollen testical, epididymitis, prostatis, reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome
women - usually asymptomatic, PID, ectopic pregnancy
prenatal - conjunctivitis/pneumonia/blindness, spontaneous abortions, premature birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How diagnose chlamydia

A

nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)

aka PCR on swab specimin or Pap liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis histology

A

mature squamous epithelium - chronic follicular cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

test for herpes

A

Tzank test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

histology for herpes

A

multinucleated cells w/ intra-nuclear, ground glass viral inclusions, inflammatory debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cervical herpes symptoms

A

painful blisters/ ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

test for gonococcus

A

thayer-martin agar (chocolate agar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gonococcus symptoms

A

white pus in vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are polyps typically malignant or benign: Describe

A

benign, broad based(sessile) or stalk (pedunculated)

>5cm -> called a tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe endocervical polyp

A

common, up to 5 cm, benign, spotting of blood(internal bleeding, mass of cervical os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment for endocervical polyp

A

polypectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is nabothian cyst?

A

endocervical glands blocked and filling w/ mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nabothian cyst treatment

A

none needed, remove if unsure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leading cause of cancer in third world

A

cervical neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary cause of cervical neoplasms

A

high risk HPV: 16 - 60% 18 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cervical neoplasm host factors

A

young at first intercourse, multiple sex partners, male partner w/ multiple partners, immunosuppression, BCPs, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does HPV cause hepatocellular carcinoma

A

inserts into hepatic DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe HPV replication

A

infects immature squamous cells, replicates in maturing squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What 2 tumorogenic proteins does HPV code for?

A

viral E6 - inactivates p53
viral E7 - inhibits Rb protein from binding E2F
E2F binds promotors (c-myc) -> enter cell cycle

23
Q

Classification for Premalignant Squamous Cervical lesions

A

Mild Dysplasia - CIN I - Low grade SIL
Moderate dysplasia - CIN II - High grade SIL
Severe Dysplasia - CIN III - High grade SIL
CIS - CIN III - High grade SIL
(SIL - squamous intraepithelial lesion)
(CIN - cervical intraepithelial neoplasm)

24
Q

What must be done for premalignant squamous cervical lesions?

A

Cone biopsy

25
What happens to most HPV infections?
95% get removed by the immune system in ~ 1 year
26
DNA in high risk HPV
viral dna incorporated into cell
27
Describe CIN? (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia)
progressive expansion of immature basal cells and cytologic atypia above the lower third of thickness
28
Hallmarks of low grade SIL?
Koilocytic atypia - raisinoid nucleus from disruption of cytoskeleton by viral particles
29
What is Ki-67
marker of cellular proliferation - should be confined to basal layer(proliferative zone)
30
What is P16
cell cycle regulator targets Rb- will be high when cells are proliferating because of abnormal activation by RB is inactivated by E7 HPV
31
What is a leugal stain
stains normal cervical tissue brown
32
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - histology
``` increase nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio koilocytosis - wrinkly raisinoid nucleus hyperchromasia increased mitotic figures decreased differentiation ```
33
Typical course of cervical dysplasia
90% regress over 2 years | 10% go to HSIL ----> 10% of those to cancer over 10 years (faster in immunocompromised)
34
cervical dysplasia treatment(abnormal pap smear)
colposcopy and cervical biopsy removal of dysplastic tissue by cryotherapy, electrocautery, topical 5-fluoruracil, conization
35
Age to discontiue cervical cancer screening
65 (may change - older people getting busy)
36
What is a cold cone biopsy
a large area of tissue around the cervix is excised for examination
37
what to do for adenocarcinoma in stiu of endocervix
cone biopsy - evaluate margins | probably lead to hysterectomy (after had enough kids)
38
What do you do with an abnormal white area on the cervix after application of 3% acetic acid(acetowhite) solution
biopsy for CIN
39
CIN I - histology
nuclear changes in lower 1/3 of cervical epithelium | expansion of basal cells
40
CIN III - histology
nuclear changes in full thickness of cervical epithelium
41
Most common cervical cancer
80% SCC 15% adenocarcinoma 5% adenosquamous CA and small cell CA
42
Age of peak incidence of invasive cervical CA
45 years old
43
Which cervical CA have more aggressive courses
adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma(neuroendocrine)
44
Staging and prognosis in cervical carcinoma
T1 - small and shallow - 97% @ 5 years T2 - beyond cervix - 70% T3 - to pelvic sidewall - 36% T4 - tumor beyond pelvis/into bladder/rectum - 7%
45
How do most women die from cervical cancer?
invasion of local structure, ie obstruction of ureters leading to renal failure (50%)
46
How do you treat cervical cancer
radical hysterectomy
47
what are squamous pearls indicative of?
squamous cell carcinoma | round nodules with concentric laminated layers - "nests"
48
What is adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)
precursor lesion to invasive adenocarcinoma same invasive carcinoma sequence as SCC can form in multiple sites glands - so large dark nuclei w/o mucin
49
False negative rate of pap smear
10% false negative
50
False negative rate of HPV DNA testing
4-7% (combined w/ pap smear >99.5% sensitive) | not used in women <30 - too high infection rate
51
HPV strains covered by old vaccine(guardasil)
6, 11 (condylomas) and 16, 18 (cancers)
52
HPV strains coverend by new vaccine (9v)
6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58
53
Does the vaccine completely prevent cervical cancer
No, still other strains
54
what are condyloma acuminta
genital warts caused by HPV 6,11(usually)

Repro Exam I (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions