Cervicals and Thoracics Flashcards
Thoracic curve
kyphotic curve (posterior convexity)
3 regions of thoracics
upper (T1-4)
middle (T4-8)
lower (T8-12)
Rule of 3
T1-3: level T4-6: 1/2 step up T6-9: full step up T10: full step up T11: 1/2 step up T12: level
erector spinae muscles
spinalis
iliocostalis
longissimus
deep back muscles
rotatores and multifidus
posture and directing mvmt
viscerosomatic reflexes
thoracic facets
backward
up
lateral
BUL
mvmt limited by
facet orientation shape of vert size of intervert discs ligaments muscle attachments RIBS
upper/middle spine ease of motion
greater rotation and flexion
lower spine ease of motion
greater sidebending and even better flexion and extension
ribs that prevent thoracic mvmt
2 - 10
what prevents flexion
sternal rib attachments
posterior ligaments
what prevents extension
anterior ligamnet
facets
lamina
spinous processes
flexion on verts
approximation (compression) of anterior vert parts
distraction (separation) or post vert parts
extension on verts
approximation (compression) of post vert parts
distraction (separation) of ant vert parts
fryette’s 1st law
Type 1 group dysfunction neutral opposite SR SIDEBENT 1st
fryette’s 2nd law
single dysfunction
E/F
same SR
ROTATION 1st
OA
Translation: ease Y
F/E SxRy
(Primary is F/E, secondary is S/R with S as major)
AA
Rotation: ease X
Rx
Rotation around dens
typical cervical rules
SAMESIES
N SxRx
F/E RxSx
muscles that extend head
rectus capitis posterior major rectus capitis posterior minor obliquus capitis superior obliquus capitis inferior sternocleidomastoid
rectus capitis posterior major action
bi: extend head
uni: rotate head to same side
rectus capitis posterior minor action
bi: extend head
uni: rotate head to same side
obliquus capitis superior action
bi: extends head
uni: tilts head to same side and rotates to opposite side
obliquus capitis inferior action
bi: extends head
uni: rotates head to same side
muscles that extend cervical vertebrae
interspinalis cervicis spinalic cervicis semispinalis cervicis iliocostalis cervicis longissimus cervicis splenius cervicis intertransversarii posteriores cervicis
muscles that extend thoracic spine
spinalis thoracis rotatores (all) multifidus semispinalis thoracis interspinalis thoracis iliocostalis thoracis longissimus thoracis levatores (all)
spinalis muscle actions
bi: extend cervical and thoracic spine
uni: bend cervical and thoracic spine to same side
semispinalis muscle actions
bi: extend C spine, T spine and head
uni: bend C spine, T spine and head to same side and rotate to opposite
rotatores muscle actions
bi: extends T spine
uni: rotates T spine it to opposite side
multifides muscle actions
bi: extends spine
uni: flex to same side and rotate to opposite
sternocleidomastoid actions
bi: extend head, assist w/ resp
uni: tilt head to same side, rotates to opposite
muscles that flex cervical spine
longus colli
muscles that tilt head to same side and rotate to opposite
trapezius (descending)
sternocleidomastoid
obliquus capitis superior
semispinalis capitis
semispinalis
capitis
cervicis
thoracis
splenius
capitis
cervicis
spinalis
cervicis
thoracis
longissimus
capitis
cervicis
thoracis
iliocostalis
cervicis
thoracis
lumborum
