Cervical Spine lect and lab Flashcards
Week 2 lecture
What is a uncinate process?
stabilizer and guider of motion in the cervical verbrea.
When do uncinate processes devlop?
develops around 6-9 years of age
Why is there a bifid process on the spinous process in the cervical spine?
adds surface area for muscle attatchments.
What is a osteophyte?
a bony lump that grows on the outside of a bone. alos common result of the bodys attempt to repait damaged bone tissue or respond to stress.
Where is a common site for a osteophyte to develop?
Uncinate process.
Transverse foramen in cervical spine
C1-C6 for vetebral artry, gets stretched with movement.
C0 Occiput
rests on C1 (atlas) to form atlanto-occipialt joint.
What is unique about the condyles of the occipit?
They sit in the oblique plane, not strickly in the saggitial plane
What plane does the occiput move in extension and flexion?
saggital
What are the condyles on the occiput?
convex
C1
Atlats
What plane is C1 in
oblique plane to articulate with the occput
What is unique about C1
absent vertebral body, disc and spinous process
C2
Axis
what is unique about C2
absent vertebral disc and has the dens, large articular surfaces
Dens
bony prominace on C2 that points superiorly ans sits at the level of C1
Where does the nuchal ligament attach
external occipital protuberance to supraspinatus ligament
What does the nuchal ligament resist
flexion of cervial spine
Alar Ligament attachments?
dens of C2 to occiput condyles of occiput base
what does the alar ligamnt resist?
Limit excessive rotation, lateral bending, and flexion of the neck , stabilizes the AA joint and prevent translation.
Transverse ligmanet attachments?
trandverse ligament limits?
anterior translation of C1-C2 dens
tectoral membrane attachments
Axis C2 to occipital bone
Tectoral membrane function?
limits forward flexion
What is the tectoral membrane a contiuation of?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Cervicogenic headaches is from what?
C1-C3 nerve roots
Cervicogenic headaches cause what symptoms?
unilateral pain, ipsilateral shoulder pain, arm pain,
Flexion (lower cervical) arthrokinematics
superior and anterior slide of bilateral segments
Extension (cervial) arthrokin
inferior and posterior slide of bilateral segments
Lateral flexion and rotation ( lower cervical) arthrokin to the right
R facet glides inferiorly and posteriorly; L facet glides superiorly and anterior
What is the coupled nature of the lower cervical spine?
LF and Rotation are coupled ipsilateraly
Arthokinematics of AA joint in flexion?
Tilts anteriorly
Arthrokinematics of AA joint extension?
tilts posteriorly
Arthrokinematics of AA during rotation?
R C1 facet glides posteriorly; left facet of C1 glides aneriorly
Arthrokin of OA extension
rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly
Arthrokin of OA flexion
rolls anterioly and glides posteriorly
Arthrokin of OA LF to the right
right condyle moves Medial Inferior and Anterior (MIA); left condyle moves Lateral, Posterior and superior (LPS)
What is the coupling of the OA joint?
LF and roation are coupled contralateraly
Anterior shear (posture) due to
anterior line of gravity, lordoic posture
What muscle helps resist the posterior pull due to gravity?
levator scapulae
What does semispinalis capitis/ cervisis do?
has the optimal line of pull for extension, can increase lordosis.
What happens if semispinalis capitis/ cervisis are weak?
decrease lordosis in the neck.
During shoulder elevation what muscles are working?
Upper trapezius - agonist ( if worked alone the head would extend)
longus coli/capitis - synergist (stabilize the neck in extension
Cervical maximal open-packed position
neutral
cervical maximal closed-packed postion
full extension
Cervical capsular pattern
equally limited ispilateral LF and rotation, limited extension.
What is the function of the vertebral disc?
allows movement, force absorption/restiction
Nucleus prolposus amount of water?
70-90% water
amount of protoglycans in nucleus propolsus?
65% of dry weight
Collagen amount in nucleus propolsus?
20% of dry weight
What is the end plate?
carilage covering disc
Function of the end plate?
passive diffusion of nutrients from vertebral body to disc. (fluid shifting) (why movment is critical in the spine)
Annulus fibrosus function
controls the nucleus movment
How much water is in the annulus
60-70%
What is the lamelle in the annulus?
collagen (made to resist tensile load) has alternating roation and at 30 degree from horizontal plane, to resist 50% of roation one way.
Cervial myelonpathy
Spinal cord compression, parathesia, weakness, hyperreflexia, clonus, loss of fine motor skills, gait disterbances
Cervial radiculopathy
Nerve root (lower motor) parathesisa, weakness, hyporeflexia, associated with spinal level affected.
What happens to the upper cervical spine when left incination happens?
coupled roation to the right
What happens to the lower cervical spine when left incination happens?
coupled rotation to the left
