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Spine - Exam 1 > Cervical Spine (1) > Flashcards

Cervical Spine (1) Flashcards

1
Q

FHP evaluation

A

look down and then look up

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2
Q

what is FHP

A

flexed lower cervical

extended upper cervical

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3
Q

muscles –> FHP

A

SCM is tight

deep cervical flexors are weak

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4
Q

upper c spine

A

occiput on atlas

C1/C2 together

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5
Q

mid/lower C spine

A

C3-7

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6
Q

mechanics of mid/lower c spine

A

type 2

SB and rotation in the same direction

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7
Q

atlanto occipital joint

A

C0 & C1

occipital condyles (convex) and atlas (concave)

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8
Q

atlanto axial

A

C1 & 2

2 symmetrical lateral articulations (convex on concave)

dens w/ anterior arch and transverse ligament attaches the 2

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9
Q

upper cervical includes

A

OA articulation

AA articulaltion

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10
Q

what mostly occurs at OA

A

flexion and extension

slight SB and rotation

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11
Q

coupling –> OA

A

always opposite

chin tuck rolls forward, slides backwards

extend rolls back and slides forward

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12
Q

OA mechanics

A

type 1

SB and rotation are opposite

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13
Q

AA articulation is responsible for

A

50% of C/S rotation

90 degrees total

45 degrees to the right and 45 degrees to the left

slight flexion and extension

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14
Q

how do we fully glide the R condyle posterior –> AA

A

flexion (move them posteriorly)

right rotation (right occipital condyle slides right)

SB to the left (type 1 mechanics)

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15
Q

active motion of head on the neck

A

FOES

flexion opposite, extension same

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16
Q

flexion of the head

A

chin is going to deviate opposite to the side that is stiff (posteriorly)

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17
Q

left posterior capsule restriction

A

chin deviates to the right

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18
Q

how do we treat a capsular restriction

A

flexion –> posterior capsule

extension -> anterior capsule

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19
Q

flexion –> head movement

A

posterior capsule gets stretched and checks this motion

tight posterior capsule will stops condyle

rotation would be opposite the dysfxnal site

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20
Q

extension –> head movement

A

anterior capsule stretches and checks this motion

tight anterior capsule stops condyle

rotation would be towards the dysfxnal site

21
Q

AA joint is…

A

biconvex

22
Q

C2 on C3-7 on T1

A

actually down to T3

interbody joints

facet joints oblique coronal plane

only type 2 mechanics

23
Q

interbody joints –> C2 on C3-7 on T1

A

intervertebral disc

pairs unconvertable of von lushka

24
Q

only type 2 mechanics –> C2 on C3-7 on T1

A

rotation and SB always coupled to same side

25
Q

degenerative process includes

A

dysfxn

hypermobile

stabilization

26
Q

dysfxn age

A

age 15-45

27
Q

is dysfxn reversible

A

yes

28
Q

dysfxn is a

A

minor pathology

29
Q

dysfxn includes

A

disc

annular tears

facets

cervical discs

30
Q

disc –> dysfxn

A

abnormal fxn

posterior WBing

31
Q

facets –> dysfxn

A

synovitis

joint effusion

eventually stretches capsule

32
Q

cervical discs may be.. –> dysfxn

A

less symptomatic than lumbar

nucleus pulpous has more collagen and fibrous tissue/horizontal fissuring

33
Q

nucleus pulpous has more collagen and fibrous tissue/horizontal fissuring –> dysfxn

A

uncovertebral and facet orientation

34
Q

uncovertebral and facet orientation –> dysfxn

A

tectorial membrane

posterior longitudinal ligament

35
Q

tectorial membrane –> dysfxn

A

thicker/stronger in the C/S and narrower in the L/S

leaving posterolateral disc vulnerable

36
Q

what does cervical have –> dysfxn

A

more degenerative changes

less herniated discs

37
Q

hypermobile age

A

35-70

38
Q

stabilization age

A

> 60

39
Q

what does stabilization include

A

bone formation

stenosis

40
Q

bone formation –> stabilization

A

subperiosteal

along ligaments and capsule

traction spurs and osteophytes

41
Q

what happens if you have hypermobility of a joint

A

not uncommon to have hypomobility above and below

42
Q

in lumbar spine…

A

damage/stretching occurs b/c of lack of attenuation

BW forces coming down and comping up –> compress the disc

43
Q

causes of degeneration

A

normal tissue biomechanics

abnormal tissue biomechanics

posture

fxn

facet health

NM

44
Q

normal biomechanics –> degeneration

A

abnormal forces

45
Q

abnormal tissue mechanics –> degeneration

A

abnormal and normal forces

46
Q

posture –> degeneration

A

prolonged positioning

47
Q

fxn –> degeneration

A

excessive motion

mal adaptive motion

48
Q

facet health –> degeneration

A

hyper and hypomobile

49
Q

NM –> degeneration

A

motor fxn

Spine - Exam 1 (7 decks)

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