Cervical Projections

Question 1

Standard Cervical projections

Answer 1

Lateral Cervical
AP axial Cervical
The PEG (odontoid)

Question 2

Supplementary Cervical projections

Answer 2

Oblique Cervical (ant/post)

Lateral cervicalthoracic junction (swimmers)

Flexion lateral

Extension lateral

Fuch’s PEG

Trauma lateral

Trauma AP axial

Trauma PEG

Trauma Swimmers

Question 3

First used cervical projection for trauma

Answer 3

Lateral

Question 4

Typical C@ for cervical

Answer 4

C4

Question 5

Which 2 cervical projections use a 180 FFD

Answer 5

Lat and swimmers due to airgap

Question 6

Beam angulation for cervical AP

Answer 6

15 cephalad. Opens IV spaces

Question 7

What is SI on AP cervical

Answer 7

C1 and 2 by base of skull

Question 8

Anterior and posterior oblique angulation

Answer 8

Anterior: 15 Caudad
Post: 15 cephalad

Question 9

What can SI C1 and 2 on a oblique?

Answer 9

Rami of mandible

Question 10

WHat is Mach effecT?

Answer 10

fat lines mimicing pathology on PEG projection

Question 11

What side will a RPO show?

Answer 11

Left

Question 12

What side will a LAO show?

Answer 12

Left

Question 13

Why is slight roration allowed on a swimmers?

Answer 13

to seperate SI caused by humeral heads

Question 14

What is a compensatory degenerative change?

Answer 14

Where posture has changed due to lifestyle factors or other pathologies. e.g ‘text neck’

Question 15

What is Os Odontodieum

Answer 15

Natural variance in the dens, will have a smooth border

Question 16

what is GCS

Answer 16

Glasgow coma scale

Question 17

4 lines of spine ‘reading’

Answer 17

Ant. vertebral body
Post. vertebral body
Spinal Canal
Spinal process

Question 18

Most important 2 lines of the 4 used for spinal ‘reading’

Answer 18

Post. vertebral body

Spinal Canal

Question 19

Describe Hangmans #

Answer 19

Distraction and extension force

Neck is snapped up and backwards into hyperextension.

Vertical/ oblique # to C2 pedicles (can seperate spinous processes)

Traumatic spondylosis.

Question 20

Jeffersons #

Answer 20

Axial load to top of head

Typical quadrapartite # to C1

Loose fragments may enter spinal canal

use PEG.

Question 21

Clay-shovellers #

Answer 21

Accel -> decel, flexion to extensions. Coronal. + PANIC (causes Mm. to stiffen).

Avulsion # commonly to C7 (can be 6).

Lat +/- swimmers.

Question 22

Tear-drop #

Answer 22

Axial load +

small flexion = C5/6. this causes a # to inferior vertebral body. Rupturing Anterior longitudinal ligament causing a destabilisation in the spinal cord antero-posterioly. Retropulsion.

Small extension: C2.

Question 23

Beam angulation for Fuchs peg

Answer 23

Alligned to mental - EAM line. and C@ too.

Question 24

If Philly collar is making it hard to make contact to IR what to do?

Answer 24

Pad the IR to the collar.

Question 25

Wedge #

Answer 25

Axial Compression from bottom up/ top down.

Comminuted # to C,T,L vertebrae.

Question 26

Burst #

Answer 26

Wedge # with retropulsion.

Question 27

Odontoid #

Answer 27

Flexion/ extension but commonly shearing.

3 types with 2 being the most common.

Question 28

Zygopophyseal dislocation

Answer 28

Dinstraction and anterior force

Perched facet joints, they lock the inferior and superior processes in place.

Question 29

Dislocation of skull to C1?

Answer 29

Atlanto- occipital dislocation.

Question 30

WHat is cervical spondylosis?

Answer 30

Neck Arthritis.

Question 31

Common appearance of arthritic bone

Answer 31

decreased joint space

irregular joint edges

cortical thickening

bone spurs

radiolucent body

Question 32

Bony spurs

Answer 32

osteophytes

Question 33

What can cervical spondylosis lead to?

Answer 33

Cervical stenosis

pain
tingling
numbness
muscle weakness.

Question 34

What is radiculopathy and how is it caused in the spine?

Answer 34

Nerve compression

osteophytes
Prolapsed disc.

Question 35

What is myelopathy

Answer 35

compression of spinal cord.

Question 36

Typical Cervical kVp and mAs region

Answer 36

kvp 75

mas 14