Cervical Projections Flashcards
Standard Cervical projections
Lateral Cervical
AP axial Cervical
The PEG (odontoid)
Supplementary Cervical projections
Oblique Cervical (ant/post)
Lateral cervicalthoracic junction (swimmers)
Flexion lateral
Extension lateral
Fuch’s PEG
Trauma lateral
Trauma AP axial
Trauma PEG
Trauma Swimmers
First used cervical projection for trauma
Lateral
Typical C@ for cervical
C4
Which 2 cervical projections use a 180 FFD
Lat and swimmers due to airgap
Beam angulation for cervical AP
15 cephalad. Opens IV spaces
What is SI on AP cervical
C1 and 2 by base of skull
Anterior and posterior oblique angulation
Anterior: 15 Caudad
Post: 15 cephalad
What can SI C1 and 2 on a oblique?
Rami of mandible
WHat is Mach effecT?
fat lines mimicing pathology on PEG projection
What side will a RPO show?
Left
What side will a LAO show?
Left
Why is slight roration allowed on a swimmers?
to seperate SI caused by humeral heads
What is a compensatory degenerative change?
Where posture has changed due to lifestyle factors or other pathologies. e.g ‘text neck’
What is Os Odontodieum
Natural variance in the dens, will have a smooth border
what is GCS
Glasgow coma scale
4 lines of spine ‘reading’
Ant. vertebral body
Post. vertebral body
Spinal Canal
Spinal process
Most important 2 lines of the 4 used for spinal ‘reading’
Post. vertebral body
Spinal Canal
Describe Hangmans #
Distraction and extension force
Neck is snapped up and backwards into hyperextension.
Vertical/ oblique # to C2 pedicles (can seperate spinous processes)
Traumatic spondylosis.
Jeffersons #
Axial load to top of head
Typical quadrapartite # to C1
Loose fragments may enter spinal canal
use PEG.
Clay-shovellers #
Accel -> decel, flexion to extensions. Coronal. + PANIC (causes Mm. to stiffen).
Avulsion # commonly to C7 (can be 6).
Lat +/- swimmers.
Tear-drop #
Axial load +
small flexion = C5/6. this causes a # to inferior vertebral body. Rupturing Anterior longitudinal ligament causing a destabilisation in the spinal cord antero-posterioly. Retropulsion.
Small extension: C2.
Beam angulation for Fuchs peg
Alligned to mental - EAM line. and C@ too.
If Philly collar is making it hard to make contact to IR what to do?
Pad the IR to the collar.
Wedge #
Axial Compression from bottom up/ top down.
Comminuted # to C,T,L vertebrae.
Burst #
Wedge # with retropulsion.
Odontoid #
Flexion/ extension but commonly shearing.
3 types with 2 being the most common.
Zygopophyseal dislocation
Dinstraction and anterior force
Perched facet joints, they lock the inferior and superior processes in place.
Dislocation of skull to C1?
Atlanto- occipital dislocation.
WHat is cervical spondylosis?
Neck Arthritis.
Common appearance of arthritic bone
decreased joint space
irregular joint edges
cortical thickening
bone spurs
radiolucent body
Bony spurs
osteophytes
What can cervical spondylosis lead to?
Cervical stenosis
pain
tingling
numbness
muscle weakness.
What is radiculopathy and how is it caused in the spine?
Nerve compression
osteophytes
Prolapsed disc.
What is myelopathy
compression of spinal cord.
Typical Cervical kVp and mAs region
kvp 75
mas 14
