Cervical Pathology Flashcards
what is CIN?
cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia
pre-invasive phase of squamous cervical cancer
risk factors for CIN (squamous cervical carcinoma)?
more sexual partners not using barrier protection starting intercourse at younger age prolonged use of COCP in women who are HPV positive smoking
which types of HPV are linked to CIN?
16 and 18
these strains may act by indirectly damaging action of p53
what is CGIN?
pre-invasive stage of endocervical adenocarcinoma
which pre-invasive lesion can be picked up on cervical smear?
only CIN
CGIN/adenocarcinoma much harder to pick up on smear
which has a worse prognosis, squamous or adenocarcinoma?
adenocarcinoma
risk factors for adenocarcinoma?
later onset of sexual activity
smoking
HPV (esp HPV18)
higher socioeconomic class
describe cervical screening programme in scotland?
smear test every 3 years in 25-49 year olds
smear tests every 5 years in 50-65 year olds
what lines the endocervix?
columnar epithelium
what lines the ectocervix?
squamous epithelium
what is the transformation zone?
where the endocervix and ectocervix meet
what alters the position of the transition zone?
menarche
pregnancy
menopause
where does CIN usually occur and why?
transitional zone
if part of the endocervix everts exposing the columnar epithelium to the acidic environment of the vagina, squamous metaplasia can occur which predisposes to CIN
what does CIN look like?
invisible to naked eye
symptoms of CIN?
asymptomatic
