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Cervical muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles producing flexion of the neck

A

Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus Anterior (bilateral)
Deep: Longus Colli

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2
Q

Muscles producing flexion of head and neck

A

Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid
Deep: Longus Capitis

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3
Q

Stabilising muscles producing head and neck flexion from lying

A

Deep Craniocervical flexors (Stabilizers):
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

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4
Q

Muscles producing extension of the neck

A

Superficial: Levator Scapulae
Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis

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5
Q

Muscles producing extension of head and neck

A

Superficial: Trapezius (upper fibres)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis
Deeper: Erector Spinae (from flexed), Semispinalis Capitis

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6
Q

Stability muscles of extension of head and neck from lying

A

Fixators (deepest) - Sub-occipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)

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7
Q

Muscles producing lateral flexion of neck

A

Superficial: Scaleni, Levator Scapulae

Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis

Deepest: Semispinalis cervicis

Muscles of same side initiate concentrically, then muscles of opposite side control eccentrically

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8
Q

Muscles producing lateral flexion of head and neck

A

Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius (upper fibres)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis
Deep: Erector Spinae, Longus capitis
Deepest: Semispinalis capitis

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9
Q

Stability Muscles producing lateral flexion of head and neck from lying

A

Sub-occipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor. Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)

Deep neck flexor: Rectus Capitis Lateralis

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10
Q

Muscles producing rotation of neck

A

Unilateral action of:
Superficial: Scalenus Anterior and posterior (contralateral)
Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis (ipsilateral)
Deepest: Multifidus, semispinalis cervicis (contralateral)

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11
Q

Muscles producing rotation of head and neck

A

Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius upper fibres (contralateral)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis (ipsilateral)
Deep: Semispinalis Capitis (contralateral)

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12
Q

Stability Muscles producing rotation of head and neck from lying

A

Sub-occipital muscles:

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior (ipsilateral)

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13
Q

Give position of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Long strap like muscle, arises by 2 heads, runs around the side of the neck close to midline anteriorly

Forms anterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck and posterior boundary of anterior triangle of the neck

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14
Q

Give attachments of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin:
Sternal head - antero-superior surface of manubrium sterni
Clavicular head - superior surface of medial 2/3 clavicle

Insertion:
Sternal head- - lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Clavicular head - mastoid process of temporal bone

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15
Q

Give action of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Bilateral: Head and neck flexion, head on neck extension (Posterior fibres ), protraction

Unilateral: head and neck Ipsilateral side flexion (prime mover), head and neck contralateral rotation (prime mover)

Accessory muscle of inspiration: Elevating sternum and clavicle

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16
Q

Muscles of Protraction

A

Protraction = lower Cx flexion and upper Cx extension

Lower Cx flexors = sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene, longus colli

Upper Cx (capital) extensors = Semispinalis capitis (also Spinalis Capitis), Longissimus Capitis, Suboccipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)

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17
Q

Muscles providing retraction

A

Retraction = Lower Cx extension and upper Cx flexion

Lower Cx extensors = splenius cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis

Upper Cx (capital) flexors = Longus capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis

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18
Q

Give position of Scaleni muscles

A

3 Scaleni muscles lie on the anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine and connect the tubercles of the vertebrae to the upper 2 ribs

Scalenus Anterior = anterior of the 3 muscles; triangular muscle; deep to Sternomastoid but anterior to Scalenus Medius.

Scalenus Medius = triangular muscle; middle one; largest and longest; lies under and posterior to Scalenus Anterior

Scalenus Posterior = smallest and most posterior of the 3 muscles.

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19
Q

Give attachments of Scaleni

A

Scalenus Anterior: TPs C3-6 to 1st rib
Scalenus Medius: TPs C1-7 to 1st rib
Scalenus Posterior: TPs C4-6 to 2nd rib

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20
Q

Give actions of scaleni

A

Unilaterally all 3: ipsilateral neck side flexion

Unilateral anterior and posterior: contralateral rotation

Bilateral 2 anterior: cervical (neck) flexion

Bilateral anterior and middle: protraction (lower Cx flexors)

Accessory muscle of respiration - elevation of 1st rib and 2nd rib

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21
Q

Give position of Longus Colli

A

Deep neck flexor (craniovertebral flexor) along with Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis
3 parts
Lies on front & sides, upper thoracic & cervical vertebral bodies

22
Q

Give attachments for Longus Colli

A

Upper fibres: TPs C3-5 to anterior tubercle of atlas

Middle fibres: anterior bodies C5-T3 to anterior bodies C2-4

Lower fibres: anterior bodies T1-3 to TPs C5-6

23
Q

Give action for Longus Colli

A

Bilaterally and unilaterally: flexion of neck

Bilateral: protraction (lower Cx flexor)

Unilaterally: lower fibres assist ipsilateral side flexion and contralateral rotation (questionable)

Support Cervical Lordosis with Longus Capitis

24
Q

Give position for Longus Capitis

A

Deep neck flexor (craniovertebral flexor) along with Longus Colli, Rectus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis

Runs on the anterior aspect of cervical spine

25
Q

Give attachments of Longus Capitis

A

Origin: Anterior tubercle TP C3 -6

Insertion: Anterior aspect of occipital bone

26
Q

Give action of Longus Capitis

A

Bilateral: flexion of cervical spine (neck) and head on neck

Unilateral: assists ipsilateral side flexion of head and neck

Support the cervical lordosis (working w/ Longus Colli)

27
Q

List Deep neck (Craniocervical/Craniovertebral) flexors

A

Longus Capitis and Colli

Rectus Capitis Anterior and Lareralis - Short muscles between Atlas and Occiput

28
Q

Give action of Rectus Anterior and Lateralis

A

Flex head on neck (nodding) from lying

Ipsilateral head on neck side flex

Retraction (upper Cx flexors)

29
Q

Give position of Splenius Capitis

A

Intermediate layer; posterior neck muscle deep to the Rhomboids, Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

30
Q

Give attachments of Splenius Capitis

A

Origin: Lower 1/2 Ligamentum Nuchae, SPs C7-T3

Insertion: Mastoid process, occiput, superior nuchal line

31
Q

Give action of Splenius Capitis

A

Bilateral: head and neck extension, protraction (upper Cx extensor)

Unilateral: assists ipsilateral side flexion, assists ipsilateral rotation

32
Q

Give position of Splenius Cervicis

A

Intermediate layer; posterior muscle of the neck deep to Rhomboids, Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid

Runs from posterior aspect of upper thoracic spine and cervical spine

33
Q

Give attachments of Splenius Cervicis

A

SPs T3-6 to TPs C1-3

34
Q

Give action of Splenius Cervicis

A

Bilateral: extends neck, retraction (lower Cx extensor)

Unilateral: ipsilateral side flexion, ipsilateral rotation of neck

35
Q

Give position of erector spinae in cervical region

A

Deep layer of posterior neck muscles

Iliocostalis cervicis = most lateral column of muscle attached to rib angles and TPs

Longissimus cervicis/capitis = intermediate column of muscle attached to TPs

Spinalis cervicis/capitis = most medial muscular column attaches to SPs

36
Q

Give attachments of erector spinae in cervical region

A

Iliocostalis cervicis: upper 6 rib angles to TPs C4-6

Longissimus Cervicis: TPs T1-5 to TPs C2-6

Longissimus Capitis: TPs C4-T5 to mastoid process

Spinalis Cervicis (often absent): lower part ligamentum nuchae, SP C7 to SP C2

Spinalis Capitis: blends with semispinalis capitis

37
Q

Give action of Erector spinae

A

Bilateral: head and neck extension (from flexed position)

Bilateral Longissimus Capitis - Protraction (upper Cx extensors), Longissimus Cervicis - retraction (Lower Cx extensors)

Unilaterally: assist head and neck ipsilateral side flexion

38
Q

Give position of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Part of Transversospinalis muscle group; deep to splenius capitis and cervicis

39
Q

Give attachments of Semispinalis Capitis attachments

A

TPs C7-T6 to occiput

40
Q

Give actions of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Stabilisation: adjusting their length to stabilize adjacent vertebrae irrespective of the position of the vertebral column

Bilateral: head and neck extension, protraction (upper Cx extensors)

Unilateral: assists head and neck ipsilateral side flexion and assists contralateral rotation

41
Q

Give position of Semispinalis Cervicis

A

Part of Transversospinalis muscle group; deep to splenius capitis and cervicis

Named because fibres runs from TP to SP

42
Q

Give attachments of Semispinalis Cervicis

A

TPs T1-6 to SPs C1-5

43
Q

Give action of Semispinalis Cervicis

A

Stabilisation: adjusting their length to stabilize adjacent vertebrae irrespective of the position of the vertebral column

Bilateral: neck extension, retraction (lower Cx extensors)

Unilateral: assists neck ipsilateral side flexion and assists contralateral rotation

44
Q

Give position of Trapezius

A

Superficial, triangular muscle, posterior aspect of neck to midback and extending to shoulder laterally

45
Q

Give attachments of Trapezius (upper fibres)

A

Origin: Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, SP C7-T12 and intervening supraspinous ligament

Insertion (upper fibres): Superior surface, lateral 1/3 clavicle

46
Q

Give action of trapezius (upper fibres)

A

Bilateral: head and neck extension or elevation of shoulder girdle

Unilateral: Ipsilateral side flexion of head and neck or upward rotation of scapula

47
Q

Give position of Levator Scapulae

A

Deep to trapezius and rhomboids running from posterior aspect of neck to scapula

48
Q

Give attachment of Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: TPs C1-4
Insertion: Medial border scapula between the superior angle and root of spine of the scapula

49
Q

Give actions of Levator Scapulae

A

Bilateral: elevation of scapula or extension of neck

Unilateral: side flexion of neck (shoulder girdle fixed), MR of scapula (against resistance)

Function:
Stability of scapula, resists depression when weight in hand

50
Q

List sub-occipital muscles

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior

51
Q

Give actions and attachments of sub-occipital muscles

A

All fixators
Run from atlas and axis to occiput

Bilateral: head and neck extension, protraction (upper Cx extensors)

Unilateral: assist ipsilateral side flexors and assist ipsilateral rotation

Axial Skeleton (11 decks)

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