Cervical muscles Flashcards
Muscles producing flexion of the neck
Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus Anterior (bilateral)
Deep: Longus Colli
Muscles producing flexion of head and neck
Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid
Deep: Longus Capitis
Stabilising muscles producing head and neck flexion from lying
Deep Craniocervical flexors (Stabilizers):
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis
Muscles producing extension of the neck
Superficial: Levator Scapulae
Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis
Muscles producing extension of head and neck
Superficial: Trapezius (upper fibres)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis
Deeper: Erector Spinae (from flexed), Semispinalis Capitis
Stability muscles of extension of head and neck from lying
Fixators (deepest) - Sub-occipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)
Muscles producing lateral flexion of neck
Superficial: Scaleni, Levator Scapulae
Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis
Deepest: Semispinalis cervicis
Muscles of same side initiate concentrically, then muscles of opposite side control eccentrically
Muscles producing lateral flexion of head and neck
Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius (upper fibres)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis
Deep: Erector Spinae, Longus capitis
Deepest: Semispinalis capitis
Stability Muscles producing lateral flexion of head and neck from lying
Sub-occipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor. Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)
Deep neck flexor: Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Muscles producing rotation of neck
Unilateral action of:
Superficial: Scalenus Anterior and posterior (contralateral)
Intermediate: Splenius Cervicis (ipsilateral)
Deepest: Multifidus, semispinalis cervicis (contralateral)
Muscles producing rotation of head and neck
Superficial: Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius upper fibres (contralateral)
Intermediate: Splenius Capitis (ipsilateral)
Deep: Semispinalis Capitis (contralateral)
Stability Muscles producing rotation of head and neck from lying
Sub-occipital muscles:
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior (ipsilateral)
Give position of Sternocleidomastoid
Long strap like muscle, arises by 2 heads, runs around the side of the neck close to midline anteriorly
Forms anterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck and posterior boundary of anterior triangle of the neck
Give attachments of Sternocleidomastoid
Origin:
Sternal head - antero-superior surface of manubrium sterni
Clavicular head - superior surface of medial 2/3 clavicle
Insertion:
Sternal head- - lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Clavicular head - mastoid process of temporal bone
Give action of Sternocleidomastoid
Bilateral: Head and neck flexion, head on neck extension (Posterior fibres ), protraction
Unilateral: head and neck Ipsilateral side flexion (prime mover), head and neck contralateral rotation (prime mover)
Accessory muscle of inspiration: Elevating sternum and clavicle
Muscles of Protraction
Protraction = lower Cx flexion and upper Cx extension
Lower Cx flexors = sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene, longus colli
Upper Cx (capital) extensors = Semispinalis capitis (also Spinalis Capitis), Longissimus Capitis, Suboccipital muscles (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor, Obliqus Capitis Superior and Inferior)
Muscles providing retraction
Retraction = Lower Cx extension and upper Cx flexion
Lower Cx extensors = splenius cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis
Upper Cx (capital) flexors = Longus capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Give position of Scaleni muscles
3 Scaleni muscles lie on the anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine and connect the tubercles of the vertebrae to the upper 2 ribs
Scalenus Anterior = anterior of the 3 muscles; triangular muscle; deep to Sternomastoid but anterior to Scalenus Medius.
Scalenus Medius = triangular muscle; middle one; largest and longest; lies under and posterior to Scalenus Anterior
Scalenus Posterior = smallest and most posterior of the 3 muscles.
Give attachments of Scaleni
Scalenus Anterior: TPs C3-6 to 1st rib
Scalenus Medius: TPs C1-7 to 1st rib
Scalenus Posterior: TPs C4-6 to 2nd rib
Give actions of scaleni
Unilaterally all 3: ipsilateral neck side flexion
Unilateral anterior and posterior: contralateral rotation
Bilateral 2 anterior: cervical (neck) flexion
Bilateral anterior and middle: protraction (lower Cx flexors)
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevation of 1st rib and 2nd rib