Cervical cancer (NOT CORE)

Question 1

How quickly can cervical cnacer progress

Answer 1

Often slow growing - 10 to 12 years from CIN/adenocarcinoma in situ to invasive cancer
10% fast progressing -> less than a year

Question 2

What is the main cause of cervical cancer

Answer 2

HPV
Esp 16,18,31, 33, 45
16 and 18 highest malignancy risk

Question 3

CIN staging

Answer 3

CIN 1: involvement of lower 1/3 of epithelium
CIN 2: involvement of lower 2/3 of epithelium
CIN 3: involvement of all layers of epithelium

Question 4

Types of cervical cancer

Answer 4

Mostly squamous cell, some adenocarcinoma (more common in under 40s)

Question 5

Risk factors for cervical cancer

Answer 5

Increasing age
High number sexual parnters
Early age intercourse - before vaccine
Low SE status
Non barrier contraception
Cigarette smoking
Prolonged use COCP
Muliparity and immunocompromised state
Exposure to DES in utero

Question 6

Cervical cancer symptoms

Answer 6

Vaginal bleeding
Unusual discharge
Dypareunia
Postocital bleeding

Question 7

Prognostic factors

Answer 7

HIV stats
C-myc oncogene
Number of cells in S phase
HPV-18 DNA