Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB/GYN Clerkship > Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Vulvar/Vaginal Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Moles > Flashcards

Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Vulvar/Vaginal Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Moles Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical cancer patient?

A

Reproductive age, caught on asymptomatic screen or with post-coital bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes cervical cancer?

A

HPV, inflammation, squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to diagnose cervical cancer

A

Pap, colpo, stage by exam or CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How to treat cervical cancer

A

Asgus? Watch and wait
Endocervical lesion? Cone biopsy
Exocervical lesion? LEEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for stage 2a or better? For 2b or worse?

A

Resection.

Debulking plus chemo+radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

Numerous partners and previous STDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characterization of dysplasia/CIN 1

A

Cell in basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characterization of carcinoma in situ or CIN 2

A

Cells fill epithelial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Cells break through basement membrane and cause lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Goal of cervical screening?

A

To catch dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stage I cervical cancer

A

Involves cervix only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stage 2a cervical cancer

A

Involves part of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stage 2b cervical cancer

A

Involves part of vagina and cardinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage 3a cervical cancer

A

Involves all of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 3b cervical cancer

A

Involves all of vagina and pelvic sidewall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage 4a cervical cancer

A

Involves bowel and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stage 4b cervical cancer

A

Distant mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Screening algorithm

A

Asymptomatic screen with pap. Can be normal, abnormal or ASGUS. If asgus, do a HPV DNA or repeat in 12 months.
If abnormal do a colposcopy. If exocervical, do a leep. If endocervical do a cone biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endometrial cancer pathogenesis

A

Unopposed estrogen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patient with endometrial cancer

A

Postmenopausal bleeding, dysmenorrhea in younger, or young with granulosa-theca cell tumor.

21
Q

How to diagnose endometrial cancer

A

Endometrial sampling

22
Q

How to treat endometrial cancer

A

Progesterone, followed by TAH and BSO if severe

23
Q

Risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

Nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, obesity, PCOS, HRT

24
Q

Patient presentation with vulvar cancer

A

Black and itchy, or red and itchy.

25
Q

How do diagnose vulvar cancer?

A

Biopsy.

26
Q

How to treat vulvar cancer

A

Vulvectomy and lymph node dissection if SCC or Melanoma, local resection if paget’s disease.

27
Q

What type of cancer does DES exposure cause?

A

Vaginal adenocarcinoma

28
Q

Three major types of ovarian cancers?

A

Germ cell, epithelial cell, stromal cell

29
Q

Types of germ cell tumors

A

Dysgerminoma- LDH
Choriocarcinoma- BHCG
Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac)-AFP
Dermoid Cyst-Can cause struma ovarii

30
Q

How do patients with germ cell tumors present?

A

Teenage girl with adnexal mass and weight gain. Benign, stage I only

31
Q

How to diagnose ovarian tumor?

A

Transvaginal ultrasound

32
Q

How to treat germ cell tumor

A

Unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy

33
Q

Types of epithelial cell tumors

A

Serous
Mucinous
Endometroid
Brenner

34
Q

Pathogenesis of epithelial cell tumors

A

Trauma from ovulation, very malignant

35
Q

Patient with epithelial cell tumor

A

Older, post menopausal, nulliparious. Usually present at stage III or worse. Can be asymptomatic or can present with renal failure, SBO, ascites. Associated with BRCA1/2 or HNPCC

36
Q

How to diagnose epithelial cell tumors?

A

Transvaginal ultrasound, CT to stage, track with Ca-125

37
Q

How to treat epithelial cell tumors

A

TAH and BSO plus paclitaxel if 3b or worse

38
Q

What to do if patient BRCA positive to avoid ovarian cancer

A

Screen with TVUS yearly and do a CA-125, then do TAH and BSO at 35.

39
Q

Types of stromal cell tumors

A

Granulosa-theca tumor – produces estrogen

Sertoli-leydig tumor- can virilize

40
Q

Complete mole pathogenesis

A

Completely molar (no fetal parts)
Completely chromosomal (46 chromosomes)
Completely spermal
Fertilization is normal but there is a broken egg so only spermal DNA.

41
Q

How does a patient with a complete mole present?

A

Size-date discrepancy, very high BHCG which causes nausea and can cause hyperthyroidism, hyperemesis gravidarum, adnexal mass, grape-like cervix

42
Q

Why can high beta hcg cause hyperthyroidism

A

because the structure is very similar between TSH and HCG

43
Q

How to diagnose complete mole?

A

Ultrasound shows snowstorm appearance

44
Q

How to treat mole? Follow up?

A

Suction curretage. Follow B-HCG weekly, put on OCP for 1 year to make sure BHCG doesn’t go up.

45
Q

Pathogenesis of incomplete mole

A 
Incompletely molar (there are fetal parts)
Incompletely chromosomal (69 usually)
Created by egg and two sperm
46
Q

Choriocarcinoma pathogenesis

A

Cancer of gestational products, patient presents status post mole, miscarriage or normal pregnancy (which is the most severe). Rise in HCG

47
Q

How to diagnose choriocarcinoma

A

Ultrasound, then curretage for biopsy, CT to stage

48
Q

How to treat choriocarcinoma

A

Debulk, methotrexate, actinomycin, +/- cyclophosphamide (if mets to liver or brain, after a normal pregnancy, or if HCG>40K).

OB/GYN Clerkship (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions